Dental fillings restore teeth damaged by decay or fracture. Cavities form when bacteria produce acids that erode enamel, compromising tooth structure and potentially causing pain or infection. Fillings seal the affected area, preventing further damage and restoring the tooth’s form and function. This treatment helps maintain oral health.
Understanding Filling Materials
Dentists use various materials for fillings, each with distinct properties. Amalgam, often called “silver fillings,” consists of a mixture of metals, including mercury, silver, tin, and copper. These fillings are known for their strength, durability, and cost-effectiveness, making them a choice for back teeth that endure significant chewing forces.
Composite resin fillings are tooth-colored, blending seamlessly with natural teeth. This material, composed of a resin base with glass or quartz particles, is aesthetically pleasing and bonds directly to the tooth structure. While they offer good appearance, composite fillings may not be as durable as amalgam for very large restorations and can be more susceptible to staining over time.
Porcelain fillings, also known as ceramic fillings, are custom-made in a laboratory to match the tooth’s natural color and are highly resistant to staining. These are often used as inlays or onlays for larger cavities or damaged areas, providing excellent durability and a natural appearance.
Glass ionomer cements are another tooth-colored option, made from acrylic and a special type of glass. These fillings release fluoride, which can help protect the tooth from further decay, and are often used for fillings below the gum line or in children. Glass ionomers, however, are generally weaker than composite resins and may have a shorter lifespan.
The Step-by-Step Filling Process
The dental filling procedure begins with numbing the area around the affected tooth. A topical anesthetic gel is applied to the gum tissue, followed by a local anesthetic injection. This ensures minimal discomfort by blocking pain signals.
Once the area is numb, the dentist removes the decayed or damaged tooth structure using a dental drill or other specialized instruments. After decay removal, the tooth is thoroughly cleaned to ensure no bacteria or debris remain, preventing future infection.
The tooth is then prepared to receive the filling material. For amalgam fillings, the cavity is shaped to mechanically hold the material. For composite resins, a bonding agent is applied to create strong adhesion. Porcelain inlays and onlays require precise shaping of the tooth to accommodate the custom-made restoration.
The chosen filling material is then carefully placed and shaped within the prepared cavity. Composite resin is applied in layers, with each layer hardened using a special curing light. Amalgam is packed into the cavity while soft and then sculpted to match the tooth’s contours before it hardens. Once the material is in place, the dentist adjusts the filling to ensure proper bite alignment and then polishes it for a smooth finish. This final step ensures comfort and prevents any interference with chewing.
After Your Filling: What to Expect and Care
After a dental filling, expect temporary numbness in the lips, tongue, or cheek for several hours. During this time, avoid eating to prevent biting numb tissues.
Some sensitivity to hot, cold, or pressure is normal, particularly in the days or weeks following the procedure. This sensitivity subsides as the tooth heals. If sensitivity persists or worsens, contact the dentist.
Maintaining good oral hygiene is important after a filling. Regular brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle flossing around the new filling helps keep the area clean. Avoid very hard, sticky, or chewy foods immediately after the filling, especially if it’s an amalgam, to prevent dislodgment or damage. For composite fillings, which harden instantly, normal eating can resume once numbness wears off. Rinsing with warm salt water can also help alleviate discomfort and promote healing.