Mineral blocks and loose mineral supplements provide deer with macro and micro-nutrients that may be scarce in their natural diet. These supplements compensate for mineral deficiencies often found in local soils and forage. The effectiveness of a mineral station depends on strategic placement, which encourages consistent use by the deer population. Before establishing any mineral station, verify local and state regulations, as wildlife supplementation is regulated in many areas.
Understanding Deer Nutritional Needs
Minerals support various functions in deer, and the demand fluctuates throughout the year. Spring and summer represent the peak need, aligning with intense growth and reproductive activity. Does require increased calcium and phosphorus during pregnancy and lactation to support fawn development.
Bucks have a high demand for these same minerals to fuel the rapid growth of their antlers. Antlers are composed of bone, primarily calcium and phosphorus. Trace minerals like zinc, copper, and selenium are also necessary for immune function and overall metabolism in both sexes. While deer can draw some minerals from their skeletal reserves, the remainder must come from their diet during these high-demand seasons.
Block vs. Loose Minerals and Key Ingredients
Mineral supplements are generally available in two forms: compressed blocks and loose minerals. Blocks offer convenience and weather resistance, dissolving slowly and withstanding light rain. However, their hardness can limit immediate intake, meaning deer may not consume enough to meet high nutritional demands.
Loose minerals allow for faster absorption because they can be consumed more freely. These are typically mixed directly into the soil to create a mineral lick, fostering consistent, long-term use. The primary components to look for are sodium, calcium, and phosphorus, often listed with a ratio, such as 2:1 calcium to phosphorus. Trace elements like zinc and copper should also be included in a balanced formula.
Strategic Site Selection for Mineral Stations
Selecting the correct location is important for encouraging consistent deer use. Deer must feel secure, making secluded locations away from human activity the best choice. Ideal spots include staging areas, the edges of food plots, or heavily used travel corridors between bedding and feeding areas.
The surrounding environment impacts the longevity and efficacy of the mineral mix. Shaded areas are preferable because they prevent the site from drying out quickly, allowing minerals to dissolve and seep into the soil more effectively. Sites should not be placed in areas that become consistently muddy or hold standing water.
Soil type affects how well the minerals are retained in the lick. Clay or loamy soils hold dissolved minerals better, creating a lasting mineralized patch. Sandy soils allow minerals to leach out rapidly, requiring more frequent replenishment or the use of a block format.
Setting Up and Maintaining the Mineral Site
Establishing a mineral lick requires specific steps for integration with the soil. Begin by clearing surface debris, like leaves or sod, in a one to two-foot area. Next, dig a shallow depression, typically four to six inches deep, to create a trough for the minerals.
If using loose minerals, pour 10 to 20 pounds of the supplement into the depression. Use a shovel or rake to mix it thoroughly with the excavated soil. This process ensures the minerals are incorporated into the substrate, allowing deer to access them as they lick and root. Pouring a small amount of mineral on top of the mixed soil serves as an immediate attractant.
The site requires ongoing management to remain active and appealing. The mineral lick should be checked and replenished seasonally, starting in early spring to support antler growth and lactation. Recharging the site involves pouring new loose minerals over the established lick, or replacing a block when it has diminished.