A coronary calcium scan is a non-invasive diagnostic tool used to assess an individual’s heart health. This specialized imaging test plays a role in identifying calcium deposits within the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. By detecting these calcifications, the scan offers insights into the presence and extent of coronary artery disease, a common heart condition. Its significance lies in its ability to provide an early indication of cardiovascular risk, even before symptoms manifest.
Understanding the Coronary Calcium Scan
A coronary calcium scan, also known as a coronary artery calcium (CAC) test or heart CT calcium scan, detects and measures calcified plaque in the coronary arteries. These arteries normally do not contain calcium, so its presence indicates plaque buildup. Plaque consists of calcium, fats, and other substances, and its accumulation over time is an early sign of atherosclerosis, commonly known as hardening of the arteries.
The scan assesses the severity of coronary artery disease by visualizing calcium deposits, which are opaque to X-rays. This test helps determine an individual’s risk of heart attacks and strokes. It is particularly useful for individuals with heart disease risk factors who do not yet exhibit traditional symptoms. The information aids in personalized risk stratification, guiding healthcare providers in planning or adjusting treatment strategies.
Locating a Scan Facility
Finding a facility for coronary calcium scans often begins with your primary care physician or cardiologist. Your doctor can provide a referral and help determine if the scan is appropriate for your health profile. These scans are typically available at local hospitals, specialized cardiology centers, and independent imaging centers. Many facilities advertise the scan as a “heart scan” or “calcium scoring.”
When choosing a facility, inquire about accreditation and staff experience. Verify insurance coverage, as many private insurers and Medicare may not cover the test as routine preventive screening unless ordered for a specific medical concern. Out-of-pocket costs range from $50 to $400 without insurance, depending on the facility and location. Some medical centers have significantly lowered their charges, especially when insurance coverage is absent.
The Scan Experience
The coronary calcium scan is a quick, painless, non-invasive procedure. Before the scan, you may be advised to avoid caffeine and smoking for a few hours. You will likely be asked to remove any metal objects, such as jewelry and glasses, and may change into a hospital gown.
During the procedure, you lie on your back on a movable table that slides into a doughnut-shaped CT scanner. Electrodes on your chest monitor your heartbeat, allowing the CT scanner to synchronize images with your heart’s rhythm for clearer pictures. You may be asked to hold your breath for brief periods, typically 10 to 20 seconds, while images are captured. The imaging is very fast, often taking less than a minute, and typically does not require contrast dye.
Interpreting Your Calcium Score
The results of a coronary calcium scan are provided as the Agatston score, a numerical value quantifying the total area and density of calcium deposits in your coronary arteries. A score of zero means no calcium was detected, indicating a low probability of a heart attack in the near future.
Scores between 1 and 100 suggest mild to minimal plaque. A score of 1-10 indicates a very small amount of plaque and low heart disease risk, while 11-100 suggests mild heart disease, potentially requiring lifestyle changes or treatment. A score between 101 and 400 signifies moderate plaque, indicating a moderate to high risk of a heart attack within three to five years. Scores above 400 denote extensive plaque and a higher risk of severe heart disease and cardiac events, often suggesting a high probability of arterial blockage.
Discuss your specific calcium score with a healthcare provider for interpretation within your overall health, risk factors, and medical history. This personalized interpretation helps determine appropriate follow-up actions, including lifestyle modifications, medication, or further diagnostic evaluations.