Moose, the largest members of the deer family, are a majestic part of Vermont’s wildlife. These impressive animals, capable of weighing over 1,000 pounds, roam various landscapes across the state. Spotting a moose in its natural environment can be a memorable experience. Vermont’s diverse habitats provide opportunities for these creatures to thrive.
Prime Moose Habitats in Vermont
Vermont’s moose population, estimated to be around 2,000 to 2,100 animals, is most numerous in the Northeast Kingdom, particularly within Essex County, which accounts for roughly half of the state’s moose. Other significant areas include Orleans and Caledonia counties, as well as along the spine of the Green Mountains, stretching from the Canadian border down to Massachusetts. This region is characterized by thick conifer cover, wet lowlands, and scattered logging cuts, which provide both shelter and food.
Specific locations known for moose sightings include West Mountain, Wenlock, and Victory Basin wildlife management areas, along with the Conte National Wildlife Refuge. Moose are often observed near salty bogs along Route 114 between East Burke and Canaan, and Route 105 from Island Pond to Bloomfield. A dedicated moose viewing platform is located at the junction of Route 105 and Notch Pond Road in Brunswick. Additionally, areas around Stowe, such as Smugglers’ Notch State Park, Sterling Valley, and along the Lamoille River, offer opportunities due to their mix of forests, streams, and marshy terrain.
Moose utilize different habitats throughout the year, with lowland softwood forests and beaver ponds being favored in spring and summer. These aquatic environments provide access to nutrient-rich water plants. During warmer months, moose seek dense shade or cooling waters to avoid overheating. In winter, they often move to higher elevations or areas with young, regenerating forests and hardwood forests near softwood cover, which offer both food and shelter from deep snow and harsh conditions.
Optimal Times for Moose Spotting
Moose are most active during crepuscular periods, meaning dawn and dusk. During these low-light hours, moose are frequently on the move, foraging for food or traveling between habitats. Observing during early morning or late evening significantly increases the chances of a sighting.
The best seasons for moose viewing are typically late spring to early summer (May to July) and during the fall, particularly September and October. In spring, moose often feed in wetland areas, and young calves may be seen with their mothers. Fall coincides with the rutting (breeding) season, which occurs from mid-September through mid-October, when bull moose are more active and visible as they search for mates.
Understanding Moose Behavior and Signs
Moose are primarily browsers, consuming new leaves and twig growth from trees and shrubs. In summer, they feed on large amounts of hardwood tree leaves and buds to meet high energy demands for lactation, raising young, and building fat reserves for winter. They also graze on grasses, forbs, lichens, and mushrooms, sometimes kneeling.
Signs of moose presence include large tracks, larger than deer tracks and often the size of a human hand. On soft ground, a moose track may also show impressions from its dewclaws, small digits located behind the main hooves. Droppings, or scat, are another indicator; moose scat typically consists of oval pellets about 1 to 1.5 inches long.
During the rut, male moose may thrash trees and shrubs with their antlers and dig pits where they urinate to spread scent, attracting females. These pits, known as “wallows,” are used by both sexes. Observing stripped bark on trees or browse lines, where vegetation has been eaten up to a moose’s reach, can also indicate their recent presence.
Responsible Moose Viewing Guidelines
When observing moose, maintaining a safe distance is important for human safety and the animal’s well-being. Although moose may appear docile, they are wild animals and can be unpredictable, especially during the rutting season or when calves are present. Never approach or attempt to feed wild moose.
To minimize disturbance, it is advisable to move slowly and quietly, wear dull-colored clothing, and consider using binoculars or a spotting scope for closer views. Avoid sudden movements or loud noises that might startle the animal. Respect private property and adhere to all posted regulations in state parks and wildlife management areas.
If driving in areas known for moose activity, particularly at dawn and dusk, reduce speed and be vigilant. Moose can be difficult to see at night due to their dark coats and non-reflective eyes, increasing the risk of vehicle collisions. Heeding “Moose Crossing” warning signs and slowing down to 40 mph or lower in these zones is a precaution.