The umbilical cord clamp is a small, plastic clip applied to a newborn’s umbilical cord shortly after birth. This procedure does not cause pain to the baby. The clamp is placed a few centimeters from the naval to compress the two arteries and one vein within the cord, preventing blood loss once the cord is cut. Its immediate purpose is to seal the remaining stump, which is no longer needed after separation from the placenta. Parents must pay careful attention to hygiene and timing to ensure proper healing.
Standard Timing and Protocol for Clamp Removal
The removal of the plastic cord clamp is distinct from the natural separation of the umbilical stump itself. A healthcare professional, such as a nurse or physician, typically removes the clamp within the first 24 to 48 hours after birth, often before discharge. Professionals confirm the cord is fully sealed and dry to eliminate the risk of hemorrhaging before removal. The process is a quick snip with a sterile tool, leaving only the small, drying umbilical stump attached.
In some cases, the clamp is left on and may fall off naturally with the stump, usually between five and 15 days after birth. The clamp is a medical device and should never be removed by a parent or caregiver, as this can cause serious injury to the newborn. The clamp’s goal is to allow the stump to dry out and separate cleanly.
Caring for the Umbilical Stump While the Clamp is Attached
Parents must ensure the umbilical stump remains clean and dry to facilitate natural separation. Allowing air to circulate is a major factor in the drying process, causing the initial pale, moist tissue to shrivel, harden, and turn dark brown or black. To keep the area exposed, fold the front of the baby’s diaper down below the stump, or use newborn diapers with a cut-out notch.
Sponge baths are recommended until the stump falls off and the underlying skin is completely healed. This prevents the stump from becoming waterlogged, which can delay drying. If the stump becomes soiled with urine or stool, gently clean it with plain water and mild soap, then thoroughly pat it dry. Never attempt to pull the stump off, even if it appears loosely attached, as this can delay healing and cause bleeding. The stump has no nerve endings, so the baby feels no discomfort during this time.
Recognizing and Responding to Warning Signs
A small amount of clear or blood-tinged fluid, slight crusting, or a faint odor is a normal part of the healing process. However, certain signs require immediate medical attention. A spreading redness or warmth in the skin surrounding the naval is a serious sign of a potential bacterial infection, known as omphalitis. Other symptoms of infection include swelling, a foul-smelling discharge, or yellowish pus.
Parents should also monitor for systemic signs, such as a fever above 38°C (100.4°F), increased drowsiness, or a decrease in feeding or activity. If a persistent, moist, pink or red bump forms on the naval after the stump falls off, this may indicate an umbilical granuloma. Although granulomas are common and painless, they can sometimes ooze a sticky fluid. They may require minor treatment from a healthcare provider to fully dry out.