A nasal cannula is a medical device consisting of a thin, flexible tube with two small prongs that fit into the nose, connecting to an oxygen source such as a concentrator or tank. This device supports individuals who experience difficulty breathing or have conditions that lead to lower oxygen levels in their blood, like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or pneumonia. The nasal cannula offers a less intrusive method for oxygen delivery compared to a full face mask, allowing individuals to eat and speak more freely.
Step-by-Step Application
Applying a nasal cannula begins with ensuring the device is clean, untangled, and properly connected to the oxygen source. The connector attaches securely to the oxygen concentrator or tank’s pressure regulator. It is important to confirm this connection is snug to prevent any oxygen leakage.
Once connected, the oxygen flow rate should be adjusted according to the healthcare provider’s specific prescription. Oxygen flow rates for nasal cannulas typically range from 1 to 6 liters per minute for low-flow systems. The prongs of the cannula should be oriented with their natural curve facing downward and slightly forward, aligning with the shape of the nostrils.
Gently insert the prongs into each nostril, ensuring they fit comfortably without causing irritation. After positioning the prongs, loop the tubing over each ear, allowing it to rest behind the head. A sliding adjuster, often found on the tubing, can then be moved up towards the chin to secure the cannula, creating a snug fit that still allows two fingers to slip underneath.
Ensuring Comfort and Proper Fit
Achieving a comfortable and effective fit with a nasal cannula involves addressing potential points of irritation. The tubing that loops behind the ears can sometimes cause soreness or chafing due to constant contact. To alleviate this, soft foam ear protectors or pieces of gauze can be placed under the tubing.
Skin irritation can also occur around the nostrils and cheeks where the cannula makes contact. Applying a water-based lotion or saline spray to the lips and inside the nostrils can soothe dryness and reduce friction. It is important to avoid oil-based products, such as petroleum jelly, as these can potentially block the cannula’s small holes or pose a fire risk near oxygen.
The prongs themselves should sit comfortably and not pinch or rub against the nostrils, indicating a potentially incorrect size. Ensuring the prongs are correctly oriented and not inserted too deeply maximizes oxygen delivery while minimizing discomfort. Regularly checking for kinks in the tubing also helps maintain consistent oxygen flow and prevents undue tension on the cannula.
Maintenance and Hygiene
Regular cleaning and maintenance of a nasal cannula are important for hygiene and optimal performance. Daily cleaning typically involves wiping down the nasal prongs and the tubing with a clean, damp cloth to remove facial oils and moisture. For a more thorough cleaning, usually performed weekly, the cannula can be disconnected from the oxygen source.
Prepare a solution of warm water and a mild, fragrance-free dish soap. The nasal prongs and tubing can be submerged in this solution, gently agitated, and allowed to soak for about 10 to 15 minutes. After soaking, rinse all components thoroughly with clean water to remove any soap residue. Some sources also suggest using a solution of one part white vinegar to three parts water for disinfection.
After cleaning, it is important to air-dry the cannula completely on a clean towel in a well-ventilated area, avoiding direct sunlight or heat sources that could damage the plastic. Nasal cannulas should be replaced regularly, with recommendations often ranging from every two weeks to monthly, or sooner if they appear soiled, discolored, or stiff. Replacing the cannula after being sick is also advised to minimize germ spread.