An intravenous (IV) line is a thin, flexible tube, often called a catheter, inserted into a patient’s vein, typically in the hand or arm. This common medical procedure allows healthcare providers to deliver fluids, medications, nutrients, or blood products directly into the bloodstream. Securing the IV line properly after placement is a fundamental step for its safe and effective use and ongoing maintenance.
Why Secure an IV
Properly securing an IV line is important to prevent complications and ensure the patient receives the intended treatment. It prevents the catheter from accidentally moving or pulling out of the vein, known as dislodgement. This movement can cause pain, discomfort, and necessitate re-insertion in a different location.
Securement also minimizes unwanted movement of the catheter within the vein. Even small shifts can irritate the inner lining, potentially leading to inflammation (phlebitis). If the catheter dislodges or moves out of the vein, fluids or medications can leak into surrounding tissues, a complication known as infiltration. This can cause swelling, discomfort, and potentially tissue damage. Securement also helps maintain the cleanliness of the insertion site by keeping the protective dressing firmly in place, reducing the risk of bacteria entering the bloodstream and causing infection.
How IVs Are Secured
Healthcare professionals use various materials and techniques to secure an IV catheter after it is placed in a vein. A common method involves applying a transparent semi-permeable dressing over the insertion site. These dressings allow the healthcare provider to visually inspect the site for any signs of complications without needing to remove the dressing. This transparent layer also acts as a protective barrier, shielding the site from external contaminants while allowing the skin to breathe.
Medical tape is frequently used with transparent dressings to provide further stability. Different types of tape, like paper or silk tape, hold the catheter and tubing firmly against the skin. Some techniques involve creating a “chevron” pattern or an “under and over” method to maximize securement. This helps prevent the catheter from moving or being pulled out.
Specialized stabilization devices are also used. These devices hold the catheter in place with a strong adhesive or a clamping mechanism, reducing catheter motion and dislodgement.
Healthcare providers often create a small loop with the IV tubing and tape it to the skin. This “loop” prevents tension on the catheter itself if the tubing is accidentally tugged, redirecting the force to the securement on the skin rather than the vein.
What to Look For
Patients and caregivers should observe the IV site regularly for any changes that might indicate a problem with securement or potential complications. A properly secured IV site should have a clean, dry, and intact dressing that adheres well to the skin. The catheter itself should not appear to be moving or shifting within the vein. The skin around the insertion area should look normal, without redness, swelling, or signs of discomfort.
If the IV is not properly secured or if a complication is developing, certain signs may become apparent. The dressing might be loose, peeling, or wet, compromising the sterility of the site. The catheter might visibly move, or even appear partially dislodged from the vein.
Signs of complications at the insertion site include redness, swelling, pain, warmth, or tenderness, suggesting phlebitis. If the area feels cool to the touch, appears pale, or is swollen, it could indicate infiltration. Any leaking of fluid or blood around the catheter should also be reported immediately. If any of these signs are noticed, notify a healthcare professional for assessment and action.