A kidney infection, medically known as pyelonephritis, is a serious type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects one or both kidneys. This condition arises when bacteria, most commonly E. coli, travel from another part of the urinary system, such as the bladder, upwards into the kidneys. While lower UTIs are common, kidney infections are more severe and require prompt medical attention. Bacteria can also spread to the kidneys from a serious infection elsewhere in the bloodstream.
How Kidney Issues Lead to Itching
Kidney problems, including severe infections that impair kidney function, can lead to itching. When kidneys are not working efficiently due to infection or damage, they struggle to filter waste products and toxins from the blood. Substances such as urea, creatinine, and phosphorus can then build up in the bloodstream, a condition known as uremia. This accumulation of waste products irritates nerve endings in the skin, which can cause a sensation of itching, medically termed pruritus.
The itching associated with kidney issues is often widespread and can be persistent, rather than localized to a small area. Mild kidney infections may not cause itching, but severe infections impacting filtering ability or contributing to chronic kidney disease are more likely to. Beyond toxin buildup, other factors in kidney disease, such as immune system imbalances and dry skin, can also contribute to the sensation of itch.
Recognizing Other Kidney Infection Symptoms
Recognizing other symptoms of a kidney infection is important, as itching is not always the first or only sign. Individuals often experience a high fever and chills. Pain is a common symptom, typically felt in the lower back, side, or groin, sometimes on just one side. This discomfort can range from a dull ache to severe pain.
Other indicators of a kidney infection involve changes in urination. These can include a burning sensation or pain during urination, a frequent and urgent need to urinate, or difficulty fully emptying the bladder. The urine itself might appear cloudy, have a foul smell, or contain blood. Nausea and vomiting are also common symptoms that can accompany a kidney infection.
When to Get Medical Help
Any suspicion of a kidney infection warrants immediate medical evaluation. It is important to seek care promptly, as untreated kidney infections can lead to serious complications. These complications include permanent kidney damage, the formation of kidney abscesses, or the infection spreading to the bloodstream, which can result in a life-threatening condition called sepsis.
Seek urgent medical attention for new or worsening itching, especially when accompanied by other kidney infection symptoms. High fever, severe pain, or an inability to keep fluids down also require prompt professional assessment. Do not attempt self-diagnosis or self-treatment for a kidney infection, as severe health consequences can result.