A cyst is a closed, sac-like structure under the skin, containing fluid, pus, or other semi-solid substances. Dermatologists specialize in skin, hair, and nail conditions, making them experts in diagnosing and treating cysts.
The Dermatologist’s Role in Cyst Management
Dermatologists excel at managing cysts due to their diagnostic expertise, accurately identifying cyst types and distinguishing them from other skin lesions. During an assessment, a dermatologist determines if removal is necessary. This decision can be based on factors such as pain, signs of infection, cosmetic concerns, or a need to rule out more serious conditions.
Dermatologists regularly perform minor surgical procedures in an office setting for cyst removal. Their specialized knowledge ensures the most appropriate treatment approach for each cyst, aiming for optimal outcomes.
Common Cysts Treated by Dermatologists
Dermatologists frequently encounter and treat several common types of benign cysts. Epidermoid cysts are among the most prevalent, characterized by small, often slow-growing bumps filled with keratin, a protein found in skin, hair, and nails. These typically form when surface skin cells move deeper into the skin or when hair follicles become blocked, appearing commonly on the face, neck, and trunk.
Pilar cysts are another common noncancerous, skin-colored bump, usually found on the scalp. They result from protein buildup within a hair follicle and can sometimes be hereditary. While most cysts are benign, removal may be considered if they become inflamed, infected, or cause discomfort.
How Dermatologists Remove Cysts
Surgical excision is the most common and effective method dermatologists use to remove cysts. The procedure typically begins with the administration of a local anesthetic, such as lidocaine, to numb the area around the cyst. Following anesthesia, the dermatologist makes a precise incision and carefully removes the entire cyst sac.
Complete removal of the cyst sac is important to prevent recurrence. After extraction, the incision is closed with sutures. For infected cysts, a dermatologist may first perform incision and drainage to relieve pressure, though this often leaves the sac intact, potentially leading to recurrence. The choice of removal technique depends on the cyst’s size, location, type, and whether it is infected.
After Cyst Removal: What to Expect
Following cyst removal, immediate care involves applying a wound dressing and managing any mild discomfort with over-the-counter pain relievers. General wound care instructions include keeping the treated area clean and dry, and avoiding tension on the wound site. It is important to monitor the site for signs of infection, such as increased pain, spreading redness, or fever.
Some scarring is expected, but dermatologists use techniques to minimize its appearance. Scarring is influenced by the cyst’s size, location, and prior infection. Applying sunscreen and using silicone-based products can help improve the scar’s appearance over time. While rare with complete sac removal, a cyst can recur if any portion of its sac remains or if it was only drained without full excision. Follow-up appointments are sometimes necessary, particularly for suture removal.