Hemorrhoids are a common condition involving swollen veins in the rectum or anus, which can lead to considerable discomfort. Hemorrhoid creams serve as over-the-counter treatments specifically formulated to alleviate these uncomfortable symptoms.
Understanding How Hemorrhoid Creams Provide Relief
Hemorrhoid creams work through several mechanisms to offer symptom relief. They reduce inflammation and swelling, shrinking affected tissues and lessening pressure.
Many creams also contain ingredients that numb pain and itching. These components create an anesthetic effect, dulling nerve signals in the affected area, providing immediate, localized relief from sensations like burning and soreness.
These creams often soothe irritation and discomfort by providing a calming sensation to inflamed tissues. Some formulations also protect irritated skin by creating a physical barrier. This barrier helps prevent further irritation from friction or moisture, promoting a more comfortable healing environment.
Key Ingredients and Their Specific Roles
Hemorrhoid creams contain various active ingredients, each targeting specific symptoms. Local anesthetics, such as lidocaine and pramoxine, are common additions. These compounds work by temporarily blocking nerve signals in the skin, which helps to numb pain and itching sensations. Pramoxine, for instance, provides itch relief within 3 to 5 minutes.
Corticosteroids, like hydrocortisone, are incorporated for their anti-inflammatory properties. Hydrocortisone helps reduce swelling, redness, and itching by lowering inflammatory chemicals in the affected area. It is effective for both internal and external hemorrhoids.
Astringents, such as witch hazel and zinc oxide, work by drying out tissues and helping to shrink swollen blood vessels. Witch hazel contains tannins that contribute to this astringent effect, reducing itching and burning sensations. Zinc oxide can also form a protective barrier on the skin.
Protectants, including mineral oil, petrolatum, and lanolin, create a physical barrier on the skin’s surface. This barrier prevents irritation, helps maintain moisture, and promotes a soothing effect, making bowel movements more comfortable. Glycerin also functions as a protectant, improving skin barrier function.
Some creams include vasoconstrictors like phenylephrine. This ingredient works by narrowing blood vessels in the treated area, which reduces swelling and discomfort.
Proper Use and Important Considerations
For safe and effective use, it is important to follow the specific application instructions provided with the hemorrhoid cream. Generally, the affected area should be cleaned with mild soap and water, rinsed well, and gently patted dry before application. A thin layer of cream is typically applied to the external area around the rectum. For internal hemorrhoids, some products include an applicator that can be gently inserted into the rectum.
Dosage and frequency vary by product, but many creams are applied up to four times daily, often in the morning, at bedtime, or after each bowel movement. It is important not to exceed the recommended use, as overuse, particularly of corticosteroid-containing creams, can lead to side effects like skin thinning.
Most over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams are intended for short-term use, typically no longer than seven days. If symptoms do not improve within this timeframe, or if they worsen, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. Mild pain or stinging may occur upon application, which usually subsides quickly. However, if irritation, burning, or other side effects persist or become severe, discontinue use and seek medical advice.
It is important to consult a doctor if new rectal bleeding occurs, if pain becomes severe, or if symptoms are persistent. These could indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires professional medical attention. Individuals with certain health conditions, such as heart problems, high blood pressure, diabetes, or an enlarged prostate, should consult a doctor or pharmacist before using products containing phenylephrine due to potential systemic absorption.