Heart palpitations, often described as a rapid, fluttering, or pounding heart, are a common experience during pregnancy. Many individuals become acutely aware of their heartbeat, feeling it in their chest, throat, or neck. These sensations, while sometimes unsettling, frequently arise from the extensive physiological adjustments occurring during pregnancy, and are often a normal part of the process.
Common Reasons for Palpitations During Pregnancy
During pregnancy, the body undergoes significant cardiovascular changes to support both the birthing parent and the developing fetus. Blood volume can increase by 30% to 50%. This increased blood volume necessitates a greater workload for the heart. Consequently, the heart rate typically rises by 10 to 20 beats per minute.
Hormonal shifts also play a role in these cardiac sensations. Elevated levels of hormones like progesterone and estrogen influence heart function and rhythm. The growing uterus can also shift the diaphragm upward, causing the heart to sit higher in the chest, which can make heartbeats more noticeable. Additionally, the body’s metabolic demands increase during pregnancy, placing further demands on the heart and potentially leading to palpitations.
When to Seek Medical Attention for Palpitations
While many palpitations during pregnancy are benign, certain accompanying symptoms warrant prompt medical evaluation. Seek immediate attention if palpitations occur alongside chest pain or discomfort. Shortness of breath, especially if severe, sudden, or occurring with minimal exertion or at rest, is another concerning symptom. If you experience dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting spells, these require urgent medical assessment.
Palpitations that are prolonged, do not resolve quickly, or are accompanied by severe or unusual fatigue should also be discussed with a healthcare provider. A resting heart rate consistently above 100 beats per minute, particularly when sustained or accompanied by other symptoms, can be a cause for concern. Any irregular pulse or a feeling that your heart is “out of rhythm” also necessitates medical consultation. These symptoms can sometimes signal a more serious underlying condition, such as an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia), anemia, or thyroid issues, which require professional diagnosis and management.
Medical Evaluation and Treatment Options
A healthcare provider will conduct a thorough evaluation, including a detailed medical history and physical examination. To investigate potential underlying causes, several diagnostic tests may be recommended. An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a quick and non-invasive test that records the heart’s electrical activity and can help identify arrhythmias. If palpitations are intermittent, a Holter monitor, a portable ECG device, can capture heart rhythms over time.
An echocardiogram, which uses sound waves to create images of the heart, assesses its structure and function. Blood tests are also common to check for conditions like anemia, thyroid dysfunction, and electrolyte imbalances, all of which can contribute to palpitations. If an underlying condition is identified, treatment will focus on addressing that specific cause. In some instances, such as with severe arrhythmias, medications like beta-blockers may be prescribed, with careful consideration of their safety during pregnancy. In rare cases, a procedure called cardioversion, which uses a timed electrical current to restore a normal heart rhythm, may be performed and is considered safe during pregnancy.
Managing Palpitations Through Lifestyle
For palpitations deemed benign, several lifestyle adjustments can help manage symptoms. Staying well-hydrated is important, as dehydration can trigger palpitations. Avoiding common triggers such as excessive caffeine intake is also beneficial, as caffeine can stimulate the heart and lead to a racing sensation. Some over-the-counter medications, including certain cold or allergy medicines with decongestants, can also contribute to palpitations, so it is advisable to discuss all medications with a healthcare provider.
Stress reduction techniques, such as deep breathing exercises, meditation, or prenatal yoga, can help calm the mind and body, potentially reducing the frequency or intensity of palpitations. Ensuring adequate rest and maintaining a balanced diet also supports overall cardiovascular health. Always consult with a healthcare provider before making significant dietary or lifestyle changes to ensure they are appropriate and safe for your individual pregnancy.