Hazelnut trees are popular additions to gardens and landscapes, valued for their beauty and edible nuts. Understanding their growth rate is important for successful cultivation and placement, aiding in long-term care decisions.
What is Hazelnut Tree Growth Rate
The growth rate of a hazelnut tree refers to its annual increase in height and spread. This understanding helps gardeners with proper spacing, future yield expectations, and overall long-term garden design. Growth varies by hazelnut type and growing conditions.
Factors That Affect Growth
Several factors influence hazelnut tree growth and ultimate size. Climate plays a role, with hazelnuts thriving in temperate regions that offer a chilling period during winter for dormancy. Well-drained, loamy soils are preferred, though hazelnuts can adapt to a range of soil types, provided waterlogging is avoided. The optimal soil pH for hazelnuts is generally between 6.0 and 7.5.
Consistent moisture is needed, especially for young trees, though established trees can tolerate moderate dry periods. Adequate sunlight exposure, at least six to eight hours daily, promotes vigorous growth and nut development. Hazelnut varieties also exhibit different growth habits; American hazelnuts (Corylus americana) are often more shrub-like and can grow rapidly. European hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) are typically larger tree forms. Pests and diseases, such as Eastern Filbert Blight, can hinder a tree’s development if not managed.
Hazelnut Growth Stages and Size
Hazelnut trees exhibit distinct growth stages throughout their lifespan, influencing their size and productivity. American hazelnuts can grow about two feet annually once established, reaching a mature height of 8 to 16 feet and a spread of 10 to 15 feet. European hazelnut varieties can grow to about 20 feet tall with a 10-foot spread.
The establishment phase for newly planted hazelnut trees typically spans the first one to three years, during which root development is a primary focus. Hazelnut trees generally begin producing nuts within three to five years after planting. It can take seven to ten years for them to reach their maximum production potential. Nuts usually ripen in late August and September. Hazelnut trees can continue to produce nuts for many years with proper care.
Tips for Optimal Growth
Promoting healthy growth in hazelnut trees involves several specific practices. Selecting an appropriate planting site is important, ideally one that provides full sun exposure for at least six to eight hours daily and features well-drained soil to prevent waterlogging. Preparing the soil by amending it with organic matter like compost can enhance fertility and structure, supporting the tree’s development.
Consistent watering is beneficial, particularly during dry periods, ensuring the soil remains moist but not saturated. Young trees especially require regular watering to support root development. Annual fertilization with a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 N-P-K blend, can provide necessary nutrients for robust growth, with applications often done in early spring before new growth begins.
Light, formative pruning encourages a strong structure and improves air circulation within the canopy, which can increase flower buds and nut set. Removing suckers, which are shoots growing from the roots, helps direct the tree’s energy into desired growth. Proactive management of pests and diseases, including choosing disease-resistant varieties and addressing issues like Eastern Filbert Blight, contributes to sustained growth and productivity.