Cataract surgery is a widely performed medical procedure aimed at restoring vision clouded by cataracts. Death directly attributable to cataract surgery is an exceptionally rare outcome. No medical procedure can be entirely risk-free, but cataract surgery consistently demonstrates a high safety profile.
The High Safety of Cataract Surgery
Modern cataract surgery boasts a remarkable safety record, making it one of the most frequently performed and successful procedures in medicine. Annually, an estimated 3.7 million cataract surgeries are performed in the U.S. alone. The procedure typically yields excellent results, with nearly 95% of patients achieving a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better after surgery, often with fully restored or significantly improved vision. This high success rate is due in part to the minimally invasive nature of the procedure, which is generally performed on an outpatient basis. Studies have even suggested that cataract surgery may be associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality, with one large study finding a 40% reduction in mortality risk compared to no surgery.
Very Rare Serious Complications
While cataract surgery is overwhelmingly safe, serious complications, though exceedingly rare, can occur. These events are typically systemic or related to general anesthesia rather than being a direct result of the ophthalmic procedure itself. For instance, a small percentage of cases, around 0.2%, might lead to an unplanned admission or emergency room visit within 48 hours, often due to cardiac complications. Specific severe complications include endophthalmitis (a serious infection inside the eye), suprachoroidal hemorrhage (a rare bleeding event within the eye), and retinal detachment, which affects approximately 1 in 100 people. These complications are typically managed with prompt medical intervention, such as antibiotics for infection or surgical repair for detachment or hemorrhage.
Maximizing Patient Safety
Measures ensure patient safety before, during, and after cataract surgery, starting with pre-operative assessments that identify underlying health conditions. Patients are encouraged to disclose their full medical history to allow for tailored care. Advancements in surgical techniques and technology have significantly enhanced safety. These include precise laser incisions and improved fluidics in phacoemulsification, which further reduce complication risks. Post-operative care, including adherence to prescribed eye drops and instructions, is also important for optimal healing and minimizing potential issues.