A halo brace is a medical device designed to immobilize the head and neck following a serious injury or surgery. A metal ring, known as the halo, encircles the head without touching it. This ring is secured by small pins that are inserted into the outer layer of the skull. The device is anchored by a rigid vest, worn over the torso, which is connected to the halo by adjustable rods. A liner is placed under the vest to protect the skin.
Medical Application of a Halo Brace
The primary function of a halo brace is to stabilize the cervical spine, ensuring that fractured or surgically repaired vertebrae heal in the correct alignment. It is often used for severe injuries, such as complex fractures to the upper vertebrae of the neck, specifically the C1 and C2 vertebrae. The device works by completely preventing movement of the head and neck, which is necessary for the bones to fuse properly.
The fitting of a halo brace is a precise procedure performed by a surgical team. The patient is given a local anesthetic to numb the areas on the head where the pins will be placed. The surgeon then inserts several small pins through the skin and into the outer table of the skull to firmly attach the halo ring. The vest component is custom-fitted to the patient’s torso to ensure it is secure and distributes pressure evenly. Finally, the connecting rods are adjusted to hold the head and neck in the exact position for healing, a process that takes about an hour.
Daily Adjustments and Care
Activities like sleeping need modification, with many individuals finding it easier to rest in a reclined position or by using pillows to support the brace structure. Bathing must be done via sponge baths, as it is important to keep the vest and its liner completely dry to prevent skin irritation or breakdown. Dressing also presents a challenge; clothing that buttons or zips up the front and oversized shirts are practical options that can be worn over or around the device.
Pin site care is a top priority and involves daily cleaning of the areas where the pins enter the skull, following the specific instructions provided by the medical team. It is also important to regularly inspect the skin under the vest for any signs of redness, sores, or pressure spots. Any indications of a problem, such as loose pins, discharge from a pin site, or new or increasing pain, should be reported to a doctor immediately.
Removal and Recovery Phase
Removing the halo brace is a straightforward procedure. A healthcare provider uses a special tool to unscrew and remove the pins from the skull, detaching the ring and the rest of the apparatus. Patients report immediate sensations of neck stiffness and noticeable muscle weakness. This is because the neck muscles have been inactive for an extended period, for around 12 weeks.
After removal, the recovery process focuses on safely restoring function. A softer, less restrictive neck collar is often fitted to provide support as the neck muscles gradually regain strength. A structured course of physical therapy is prescribed. These therapy sessions are designed to help the patient slowly and safely improve their range of motion, rebuild muscle strength, and restore normal function to the neck and upper back.