Guareque, also known as Wereke, is a plant scientifically identified as Ibervillea sonorae. Belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, which includes pumpkins and gourds, it originates primarily from the arid and semi-arid regions of Mexico. Indigenous cultures in these areas have long used it for various health purposes.
Botanical Characteristics and Habitat
Ibervillea sonorae is a perennial plant with a large, succulent tuberous root. This root often resembles a gray, dust-covered boulder, blending into its dry environment. From this root, long, flexible shoots emerge annually, reaching up to three meters. These shoots are smooth, round, and green, bearing bright green leaves.
It produces dioecious yellow flowers that typically open in the morning and close by afternoon. Following flowering, it develops reddish or orange fruits, 1.25 to 1.5 inches long. Its fruits are unpalatable due to their bitter taste. The plant’s robust root system enables its survival in the xeric conditions of northwestern Mexico and parts of the southwestern United States.
Traditional Uses and Applications
For centuries, ethnic groups in northwestern Mexico, including the Mayo people, have used Ibervillea sonorae for health benefits. It is traditionally used for managing blood sugar levels, especially for diabetes. Slices of the dried root are typically boiled for a decoction or tea. It can also be ground, and commercial preparations like capsules and liquid extracts are available.
Beyond blood sugar regulation, Ibervillea sonorae has been traditionally used as a skin disinfectant. It is applied topically for various skin conditions, injuries, open wounds, acne, and fungal infections. The plant is also traditionally used to alleviate stomach ulcers.
Ibervillea sonorae is believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Other traditional uses include treating hypertension, parasitic diseases, and supporting digestive health. While some studies suggest potential anti-tumor activity, these findings are preliminary and require further investigation.
Safety Considerations and Precautions
Despite its long history of traditional use, there is a lack of comprehensive human studies on Ibervillea sonorae’s safety or interactions with medications. Clinical trials are still needed to establish its efficacy and safety. Due to its traditional use in lowering blood sugar, combining it with prescribed diabetes medications, such as insulin or sulfonylureas, is not recommended. This could lead to hypoglycemia (dangerously low blood sugar).
Pregnant or lactating individuals should avoid Ibervillea sonorae. It is also unsuitable for small children. The plant’s intensely bitter taste can make it challenging to tolerate in significant quantities. While ethnobotanical reports suggest few side effects beyond hypoglycemia, digestive upset has been noted.
Given the limited scientific research, caution is advised. Before using Ibervillea sonorae, especially if managing a medical condition or on other medications, consult a healthcare professional. Self-diagnosis and self-medication with this or any herbal supplement are not recommended.