A mammogram is an X-ray examination of the breast, used to detect changes within the breast tissue. Women may require a mammogram while they are breastfeeding, either for routine screening or to investigate a specific concern. This article aims to provide clear information for individuals navigating the process of undergoing a mammogram during lactation. It offers insights into how breastfeeding affects imaging, what preparations can be made, and what to expect regarding safety and result interpretation.
Impact of Breastfeeding on Mammogram Imaging
Breastfeeding causes significant physiological changes in the breast tissue, which influence mammogram imaging. Hormonal shifts during lactation lead to enlarged ducts and lobules, increasing overall breast density. This means breast tissue becomes denser due to milk production, with many lactating women having dense or extremely dense breasts. The increased glandular tissue and presence of milk contribute to this density.
This increased density can make it more challenging for radiologists to interpret mammogram images. Dense breast tissue appears white on a mammogram, similar to how potential abnormalities might appear, which can obscure findings. While mammography remains effective, these changes can sometimes lead to the recommendation for additional imaging studies. These physiological changes are a normal response to lactation and do not indicate a problem.
Preparing for a Mammogram While Breastfeeding
Careful preparation can optimize the mammogram experience when breastfeeding. It is helpful to inform the clinic that you are breastfeeding when scheduling the appointment. Timing the mammogram is beneficial, ideally right after a feeding or pumping session. Emptying the breasts as much as possible immediately before the exam can reduce engorgement and density.
This practice can contribute to less discomfort during the procedure and potentially clearer images for interpretation. You might consider bringing a breast pump or your baby and a responsible adult to the appointment to facilitate immediate feeding or pumping. Additionally, discuss any specific breast changes or concerns you have with the technologist and radiologist before the mammogram.
Safety and Understanding Your Mammogram Results
Mammograms are considered safe for breastfeeding individuals, with minimal radiation exposure that does not affect breast milk. There is no need to “pump and dump” milk after a mammogram, as the milk remains safe for the baby. The compression applied during the mammogram is also safe for breast tissue and milk supply, and will not harm milk ducts or production.
Radiologists are trained to interpret mammograms of lactating breasts, accounting for the increased density and other physiological changes. Despite the challenges posed by dense tissue, mammograms remain an effective tool for detecting breast changes. Additional imaging, such as an ultrasound or MRI, may be recommended to clarify findings; this is a common part of the diagnostic process and does not necessarily indicate a problem. Your healthcare provider will communicate your results, often categorized using the BI-RADS system, and discuss any necessary follow-up.