Friesian sheep, particularly the East Friesian, are a notable breed. They are widely regarded as the highest-producing dairy sheep breed globally. Beyond milk, these sheep are also valued for their contribution to meat production and possess a generally gentle temperament, making them suitable for various farming operations.
Physical Traits and Origin
Friesian sheep are large, with mature rams weighing between 90 to 120 kg and ewes typically ranging from 70 to 90 kg. They are long-legged, polled (hornless), and often have a pink nose. A distinguishing feature is their thin, wool-free “rat-tail” extending to their ankles. While predominantly known for their white wool, a dark brown variation of the breed also exists.
The origins of Friesian sheep trace back to the Friesland region, an area spanning northern Germany and the Netherlands along the North Sea coast. The German East Friesian Milk Sheep, the most recognized within this group, has a flock book established in 1890. Historically, these sheep were kept in smaller household flocks.
Their Value: Milk, Meat, and Wool Production
Friesian sheep are valued for their milk production, which is the highest among all sheep breeds. A single ewe can produce an average of 500–700 kg of milk during a 220–230 day lactation period, with some individuals yielding up to 900 kg. This rich milk contains approximately 6-7% butterfat and around 6% protein, making it particularly suitable for cheese production. It takes about 4 pounds of sheep’s milk to make 1 pound of cheese, compared to 8–10 pounds of cow’s milk, due to the higher solids content in sheep milk.
Beyond dairy, Friesian sheep also contribute to meat production. Their lambs exhibit good growth rates, reaching slaughter weight around six months of age. The meat tends to be lean with less external fat, offering a mild and tender flavor without a strong “gamey” taste. This lean carcass quality is a result of the breed’s large frame and dairy metabolism.
The wool of Friesian sheep is a secondary product. It is typically white, bulky, and medium-coarse, with a fiber diameter of approximately 35-37 microns. The staple length usually ranges from 120-160 mm, and a ewe can produce about 4-5 kg of fleece annually. While it may be coarser than some finer wools, it is valued by hand spinners and weavers and is suitable for items like outerwear and blankets.
Management and Care
Friesian sheep are docile and easy to handle. They adapt well to intensive milking parlor systems. However, they are specialized animals and may not thrive in large, extensive flocks or in harsh, hot environments. They prefer mild conditions and require attentive care.
Proper nutrition is important for maintaining high milk production. High-producing dairy ewes need a diet rich in protein and energy, often supplemented with grains in addition to quality forage. Adequate water intake is also necessary. Health management for Friesian sheep is similar to other breeds, including vaccinations for common diseases like clostridial diseases, particularly before lambing. Lambs are susceptible to pneumonia, and proper care, including creep feeding, contributes to their healthy growth.