Foxite potatoes, historically known as the White Kidney potato, represent a unique, though less common, variety with a rich past in American and European agriculture. Once widely cultivated in the United States during the early 19th century, particularly from the 1820s to the 1850s, this potato gained favor for its distinct qualities. While its prominence in the U.S. diminished after the Civil War, it continues to be valued in other regions, particularly in Great Britain. This heirloom variety offers a glimpse into historical culinary preferences and agricultural practices.
Characteristics of Foxite Potatoes
Foxite potatoes have cream white skin and flesh, presenting a clean and inviting appearance. Their shape is typically long and slightly curved, setting them apart from more common round or oblong varieties.
A defining characteristic is its farinacious texture, meaning it is floury and bread-like when cooked. This texture contributes to a distinct mouthfeel, differing from waxy or all-purpose potatoes. The flavor profile is noted for a subtle buttery taste, which enhances its appeal in various dishes. This combination of visual and textural qualities made the Foxite a highly regarded potato in its prime.
Growing Foxite Potatoes
Cultivating Foxite potatoes benefits from specific environmental conditions for a successful harvest. These potatoes thrive in well-drained, loose, and fertile soil, ideally with a slightly acidic pH between 6.0 and 6.5. Incorporating well-rotted compost or organic matter in autumn prior to planting can significantly improve soil structure and nutrient availability. Full sun exposure (at least six to eight hours daily) is important for robust plant growth and tuber development.
Planting typically occurs in early spring, two to three weeks before the last expected frost, once the soil temperature consistently reaches at least 45°F (7°C). Seed potato pieces, each with one to three “eyes,” should be planted about 10-12 inches apart in rows spaced 30-36 inches apart, at a depth of three to five inches. Consistent moisture is necessary, especially during tuber formation, often requiring one inch of water per week. Hilling, the practice of mounding soil around the growing plant, is important for preventing greening of tubers and providing space for development. This process involves covering the emerging foliage, leaving only the top leaves exposed, and can be repeated as the plant grows.
Culinary Uses of Foxite Potatoes
The unique characteristics of Foxite potatoes make them particularly well-suited for specific culinary applications. Historically, they were highly prized as a “mashing potato” due to their floury, bread-like texture. This “farinacious” quality allows them to break down easily when cooked, resulting in a smooth, fluffy mashed potato with a rich, buttery flavor. Beyond mashing, their texture also makes them suitable for baking, where they yield a light and airy interior.
While primarily known for mashing in the U.S., the Foxite (known as International Kidney Potato in Great Britain) is also considered a “beloved salad potato.” When prepared carefully, they can maintain enough integrity for use in potato salads. Their buttery flavor complements vinaigrettes and fresh herbs. Other suitable uses include roasting or frying, where their floury nature produces a crisp exterior and a tender interior.
Finding Foxite Potatoes
Locating Foxite potatoes for cultivation or consumption is more challenging today than in the 19th century. Their widespread cultivation in the United States largely ceased after the Civil War, making them a rare find in conventional markets. However, the variety persists in Great Britain under the name “International Kidney Potato,” where it is still appreciated as a salad potato.
For those interested in growing this historical variety, specialty seed potato suppliers and heirloom seed banks are promising sources. These niche suppliers often preserve and offer varieties no longer in mainstream circulation. Alternatively, international seed exchanges or direct sourcing from British growers might be options for obtaining “International Kidney” seed potatoes. For culinary use, finding fresh Foxite potatoes in the U.S. likely requires seeking out small, dedicated heirloom farms or farmers’ markets specializing in rare potato varieties.