Air travel often causes ear discomfort due to changes in cabin pressure. However, an ear infection complicates this, potentially leading to increased pain and other health issues. Understanding these added complications is important for anyone considering flying with an active ear infection.
The Risks of Flying with an Ear Infection
Flying with an ear infection poses specific challenges because of how air pressure changes affect the middle ear. The Eustachian tube, a narrow passage connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat, normally opens to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum. During an ear infection, inflammation and fluid buildup can obstruct this tube, making it difficult for it to function properly and balance the pressure.
When the Eustachian tube cannot equalize pressure, ear barotrauma, or “airplane ear,” can develop. This occurs when there is a significant pressure difference between the middle ear and the cabin, stressing the eardrum. Symptoms range from mild discomfort to severe pain, temporary hearing loss, or a feeling of fullness. In rare instances, intense pressure can lead to a ruptured eardrum, which usually heals on its own but can be very painful.
Identifying Ear Trouble During Flight
Recognizing symptoms of ear trouble during a flight is important. Common indicators include a feeling of pressure or fullness in the ear, often described as clogged or blocked. This can be accompanied by ear pain, ranging from mild to intense.
Muffled hearing or a temporary reduction in hearing ability is another frequent symptom. Some individuals might also experience ringing in the ears, known as tinnitus, or feelings of dizziness or vertigo. In severe cases, there might be discharge from the ear, which could signal a ruptured eardrum and warrants immediate attention.
Preparing for Air Travel with Ear Concerns
Several strategies can help mitigate discomfort from pressure changes when flying with ear concerns. Simple actions like yawning, swallowing, or chewing gum encourage the Eustachian tubes to open and equalize pressure.
Using decongestants, such as oral medications or nasal sprays, can help reduce swelling in the nasal passages and around the Eustachian tubes, making equalization easier. It is advisable to consult a healthcare provider before using these, especially to check for interactions with other medications or specific health conditions. Filtered earplugs, designed for air travel, can also be beneficial by slowing down the rate of pressure change in the ear canal, allowing the Eustachian tubes more time to adjust. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water before and during the flight can also help keep mucous membranes from drying out, which can support Eustachian tube function.
Post-Flight Care and When to Consult a Doctor
After landing, if ear problems persist or worsen, seek medical advice. While mild ear discomfort often resolves on its own, prolonged or severe pain indicates a need for medical evaluation. Persistent muffled hearing or significant hearing loss also warrant professional assessment.
Any discharge from the ear, particularly if it is fluid or blood, should prompt an immediate medical consultation, as this can be a sign of a ruptured eardrum. Individuals with a severe acute ear infection or those who have recently undergone ear surgery are generally advised to avoid flying entirely until their condition stabilizes. A doctor can provide specific guidance on when it is safe to travel and and recommend appropriate treatments if complications arise.