Fibromas are common, non-cancerous growths composed of fibrous connective tissue that can appear in various parts of the body. These benign tumors are harmless and do not spread to other areas. They are often discovered incidentally and may not cause any symptoms.
Understanding Fibromas
Fibromas are non-cancerous growths made of fibrous or connective tissue. This tissue is composed of tough protein fibers that provide support and protection to various structures like muscles, bones, and organs. These growths develop when cells begin to multiply excessively, forming a localized mass.
These growths present as small, firm lumps or nodules. Their size can vary, but many are less than 1.5 centimeters in diameter. Fibromas are slow-growing and can remain stable for many years. Some types, like uterine fibroids, affect up to 70% of women, and many people may not realize they have them due to a lack of symptoms.
Where Fibromas Appear
Fibromas can develop almost anywhere on or within the body, with their specific characteristics often depending on their location. One common type is skin tags, also known as acrochordons or soft fibromas, which are small, soft growths often found on the neck, armpits, or groin. Dermatofibromas, or hard fibromas, are firm, solitary nodules that commonly appear on the arms and legs, often ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter.
Oral fibromas are smooth, firm bumps that develop inside the mouth, particularly on the cheek lining where upper and lower teeth meet, or on the tongue and inner lips. Plantar fibromas are distinct knots or lumps that form in the plantar fascia tissue within the arch of the foot. Fibromas can also occur internally, such as uterine fibroids, which grow within the wall of the uterus, and non-ossifying fibromas, which are benign bone tumors common in children and young adults, often found in leg bones.
Why Fibromas Develop
The exact causes of many fibromas are not fully understood, but several factors contribute to their development. Trauma or chronic irritation to an area is a common trigger for certain types of fibromas. For instance, oral fibromas often result from repeated biting of the cheek or lip, while dermatofibromas can arise after minor injuries, insect bites, or superficial puncture wounds.
Genetic predisposition can also play a role; a family history of fibromas might increase an individual’s likelihood of developing them. Hormonal influences are a factor for certain fibromas, such as uterine fibroids, which often grow in response to estrogen and progesterone and tend to shrink after menopause. Some fibromas develop for unknown reasons, categorized as idiopathic.
Recognizing and Addressing Fibromas
Recognizing a fibroma involves noticing a new lump or bump on or under the skin. While many fibromas are asymptomatic, some can cause discomfort, pain, tenderness, or itching depending on their location and size. For example, a plantar fibroma in the foot’s arch may cause pain when walking or standing, especially if pressure is applied. Dermatofibromas can occasionally itch, change color, or be sensitive to touch.
Seeking medical advice is advised if a suspected fibroma exhibits concerning signs, such as rapid growth, pain, bleeding, or changes in appearance like color or texture. A healthcare professional diagnoses a fibroma through a physical examination. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.
Approaches to Fibroma Care
Many fibromas do not require active treatment, particularly if they are asymptomatic. Observation is a common approach for these stable, non-bothersome growths. However, if a fibroma causes pain, interferes with daily activities, or is cosmetically undesirable, various removal methods are available.
Surgical excision is a common procedure for removing fibromas, often performed as an outpatient procedure. Other techniques include cryotherapy, which involves freezing the growth with liquid nitrogen, and laser removal. Electrocautery, which uses heat to destroy tissue, may also be employed. The decision to remove a fibroma is based on the presence of symptoms or cosmetic concerns, and patients can expect a straightforward recovery post-procedure.