Euphorbia lathyris is a distinctive herbaceous plant native to Europe and Asia. Its unique growth habit sets it apart in various landscapes, often capturing attention due to its unusual appearance.
Identifying Euphorbia Lathyris
Euphorbia lathyris is commonly known by several names, including caper spurge, mole plant, and gopher spurge. It grows as an annual or biennial, reaching heights of up to 4 feet. The plant features an upright, smooth, and glaucous (bluish-green) stem.
Its leaves are arranged in distinctive decussate opposite pairs, meaning they are positioned in a cross formation. These lanceolate leaves are waxy and blue-green, with a pale greenish-white midrib and veins, measuring about 2 to 6 inches long and 1 inch wide. The flowers are small, green to greenish-yellow, and lack petals, instead featuring pale green, leaf-like bracts. The plant produces a three-lobed fruit capsule that contains its seeds, which can lead to prolific self-seeding in disturbed areas or gardens.
Toxicity and Safety Considerations
Euphorbia lathyris is a toxic plant; all parts contain a milky white sap, or latex. This sap is highly irritating and contains diterpenoid esters.
Skin contact with the sap can cause contact dermatitis, causing irritation, redness, and blistering. If the sap comes into contact with the eyes, it can cause severe irritation, pain, and even temporary blindness. Ingestion of any part of the plant is dangerous, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. It is advised to wear gloves and eye protection when handling Euphorbia lathyris. If exposure occurs, especially to the eyes or if ingested, seek prompt medical attention.
Debunking the “Mole Plant” Myth
The widespread belief that Euphorbia lathyris repels moles, gophers, or other garden pests is a common folk myth. This idea likely originated from anecdotal observations or traditional uses, leading to its common names like “mole plant” or “gopher spurge.” Some proponents suggest the plant emits an odor that deters these animals or that its roots are poisonous to them.
However, no credible scientific evidence supports the claim that Euphorbia lathyris deters moles or gophers. Despite the plant’s known toxicity to humans and livestock if ingested, this property does not translate into a repellent effect for garden pests. The persistence of such myths stems from anecdotal reports, misinterpretations, or the absence of controlled scientific studies. While the plant’s sap is an irritant, its properties do not include a mechanism for deterring burrowing animals, and relying on it for pest control is not an effective strategy.