A mammogram is a specialized X-ray imaging procedure designed to screen the breast tissue for early signs of cancer or other changes. This low-dose radiation technique captures detailed images of the internal breast structure, allowing radiologists to detect abnormalities that may be too small to feel during a physical exam. Preparing properly for the procedure is important because it directly influences the clarity and quality of the final images.
Timing and Scheduling Considerations
Scheduling the appointment with consideration for the body’s natural cycle can enhance comfort during the screening. For individuals who still menstruate, it is generally recommended to schedule the mammogram for the week following the start of the menstrual period. During this phase of the cycle, hormonal fluctuations cause the breasts to be less tender and swollen compared to the week just before or during menstruation.
It is also important to maintain consistency with annual screenings and follow-up appointments recommended by a physician. Discussing any history of breast changes, implants, or previous biopsies with the healthcare provider before scheduling is also a prudent step.
Day-of Preparation: What Not to Apply
On the day of the mammogram, it is necessary to avoid applying any substances to the chest, underarm, or breast area. This includes deodorant, antiperspirant, body powders, lotions, creams, and perfumes. These products can contain metallic compounds, such as aluminum, which are opaque to X-rays.
When these microscopic metallic particles are imaged, they can appear as small white spots on the mammogram, known as artifacts. These artifacts can sometimes mimic the appearance of microcalcifications, which are tiny specks of calcium that may indicate an early sign of cancer. If a patient forgets and applies a product, most facilities have cleansing wipes available for removal before the procedure begins.
Necessary Steps: What to Bring and Wear
Wearing the appropriate clothing simplifies the preparation process immediately before the exam. A two-piece outfit, such as a top with pants or a skirt, is highly recommended because only the clothing above the waist will need to be removed. It is also advised to leave necklaces and other jewelry that might interfere with the imaging at home.
Bringing documentation is important for a complete and comparative review of the images. If previous mammograms were performed at a different facility, obtaining those images or reports to bring to the appointment is necessary. The radiologist needs to compare the new images with past ones to look for subtle changes in the breast tissue over time.
Patients should also have a list of current medications and the contact information for their referring physician available. For individuals who anticipate discomfort, taking an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as ibuprofen, about an hour before the appointment may help, after confirming with a healthcare provider.