Wyoming’s diverse landscapes are home to a variety of wildlife, including rattlesnakes. These venomous reptiles are present in the state, inhabiting its drier, warmer regions. Understanding their presence and behavior can help residents and visitors navigate the outdoors safely.
Rattlesnakes in Wyoming
Wyoming is home to two species of rattlesnakes: the Prairie Rattlesnake and the Midget Faded Rattlesnake. The Prairie Rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis, is the most common and widespread venomous snake found across much of the state, measuring between 3.3 and 5 feet in length. Their coloration varies, appearing greenish-gray, olive green, or light brown, with dark blotches that become rings near the tail. It has a triangular head, elliptical pupils, and keeled dorsal scales.
Prairie Rattlesnakes are terrestrial, moving about during cooler parts of the day, but may become nocturnal during hot weather to avoid extreme temperatures. They are ambush predators, using their heat-sensing pits to locate prey such as small mammals. When threatened, they coil their bodies and vibrate their tail to produce a warning rattle, though they do not always rattle before striking. They prefer to avoid human contact, attempting to use their camouflage or quietly move away if disturbed.
Where Rattlesnakes Live in Wyoming
Prairie Rattlesnakes are widely distributed across Wyoming, particularly east of the Absaroka and Wind River Mountain Ranges. Their preferred habitats include grasslands, prairies, shrublands, and foothills. They can be found near rocky outcrops, in riparian zones, and within prairie dog towns, providing both shelter and prey. These snakes reside at lower elevations, below 7,000 feet, but can be observed at higher altitudes, up to 9,500 feet.
The Midget Faded Rattlesnake, Crotalus oreganus concolor, has a restricted range within Wyoming. This species is found in the southwestern part of the state, specifically within the Lower Green River Valley and the Flaming Gorge area of Sweetwater County. They favor rocky areas, including outcrops and canyon walls, as well as desert and sagebrush shrublands. During colder months, both species hibernate communally in underground dens, located in rock crevices or abandoned mammal burrows, emerging as temperatures rise in April or May.
Safety When Encountering Rattlesnakes
Exercising caution in rattlesnake country can help prevent encounters. When hiking or spending time outdoors, wearing appropriate footwear such as over-the-ankle boots, along with thick socks and loose-fitting long pants, offers protection. Staying on established trails and avoiding tall grass, dense weeds, heavy underbrush, and woodpiles can reduce the likelihood of surprising a snake. Watch where you step and avoid placing hands or feet into areas where visibility is limited, such as rock crevices or under logs. Instead of stepping over logs, stepping on them first allows for a visual check of the other side.
If a rattlesnake is encountered, the appropriate response is to remain calm and slowly back away, allowing the snake to retreat. Do not attempt to approach, handle, or harm the snake, as most bites occur when individuals try to interact with or kill the reptile. Keeping pets on a leash in areas known for rattlesnake activity is recommended, as snakes may perceive dogs as threats and defend themselves.
In the event of a rattlesnake bite, immediate medical attention is necessary. Call emergency services promptly and try to remain as still as possible to slow the potential spread of venom. Remove any jewelry or tight clothing from the bitten limb before swelling begins. The bite area should be washed gently with soap and water, and kept below the level of the heart if possible. It is important to avoid common misconceptions about snakebite treatment; do not apply ice, use a tourniquet, cut the wound, or attempt to suck out the venom, as these actions can worsen the situation.