Witch hazel, a plant extract derived from the Hamamelis virginiana shrub, is a common home remedy for minor skin irritations, including sunburn. It is often used for treating first-degree sunburns due to its cooling and anti-inflammatory effects. Using witch hazel correctly can provide relief from the redness and heat of a mild burn, but it is not a cure for severe sun damage.
The Soothing Properties of Witch Hazel
The mechanism by which witch hazel helps sun-damaged skin is attributed to its natural chemical composition. The extract contains high levels of polyphenols, specifically compounds known as tannins, which act as natural astringents.
The astringent action helps tighten damaged tissue, reducing swelling and inflammation in the burned area. Tannins and other compounds also provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which help calm the redness and pain of a mild sunburn.
The immediate cooling sensation upon application is due to the high water content of the liquid extract. In many commercial preparations, alcohol also contributes to rapid evaporation and cooling on the skin’s surface. Research has shown that a lotion containing a 10% witch hazel distillate decreased skin reddening caused by ultraviolet radiation exposure.
Applying Witch Hazel for Sunburn Relief
For safe and effective use on a sunburn, the preparation and application method are important. To maximize the cooling effect, witch hazel products should be refrigerated before use. The chilled liquid can be applied directly to affected areas using a clean, soft cloth or cotton pad.
Gently pat the saturated cloth onto the burned skin rather than rubbing, which could cause further irritation. For covering larger areas, the extract can be transferred into a fine mist spray bottle for touchless application. Reapply the witch hazel every few hours as needed to maintain the soothing effect.
It is important to check the product label for the concentration of alcohol. While alcohol assists in cooling through evaporation, highly concentrated formulas may be excessively drying and irritating to compromised skin. Opting for alcohol-free or low-alcohol varieties is preferable for managing a sunburn.
When to Avoid Witch Hazel and Seek Medical Care
While witch hazel can relieve minor sunburn discomfort, it is not appropriate for all sun-related injuries. Avoid using it on second-degree burns, which are characterized by severe blistering and significant pain. Burns that cover a large surface area of the body also require professional medical attention.
If you experience signs of systemic illness, such as a fever, chills, or severe, persistent pain, consult a doctor immediately. Witch hazel should also be discontinued if you notice signs of an adverse reaction, such as increased irritation, redness, or contact dermatitis.
The astringent properties of the extract, especially in products with high alcohol content, can lead to excessive dryness. This is particularly true if the skin is peeling or the barrier is already broken.