Confusion often arises regarding which bear species inhabits Wisconsin, typically between the two most well-known North American bears. Understanding the specific wildlife present in a region is important for conservation and public safety. This article clarifies the definitive species residing in the state and outlines the features that distinguish it from the Grizzly Bear.
Wisconsin’s Native Bear Species
The state of Wisconsin is home exclusively to the American Black Bear (Ursus americanus). This species is the only bear currently found throughout the eastern United States, making it the sole resident bear population east of the Mississippi River. The Grizzly Bear, a subspecies of the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos horribilis), is not native to and does not exist in the wild in Wisconsin. Historically, the Grizzly Bear’s range was confined largely to the western half of the contiguous United States, including states like Montana, Wyoming, and Alaska.
Where Black Bears Roam in Wisconsin
The American Black Bear population in Wisconsin has seen a substantial increase over the last few decades, with estimates placing the number at over 24,000 individuals statewide. This growth has led to an expansion of the bear’s geographic range. Historically, the highest density of black bears was concentrated in the heavily forested northern third of the state.
While the north remains the species’ stronghold, bears are now regularly sighted in central and southern Wisconsin. This southerly movement is facilitated by suitable habitat as former agricultural areas become more wooded. Sightings have been reported in nearly all counties, meaning more people outside conventional “bear country” are learning to share their environment with these animals.
Differentiating Black Bears and Grizzly Bears
Distinguishing between the two species is useful for correct identification across North America. The most reliable physical characteristic is the prominent muscular hump situated between the shoulder blades of a Grizzly Bear. Black Bears lack this hump, and their profile generally rises to the highest point at the middle of the back or the rump.
The facial structure also provides a clear difference. Grizzly Bears possess a concave or “dished” profile from the eyes to the nose. In contrast, the Black Bear’s face is straighter and more dog-like, with a less pronounced snout. Black Bears have short, sharply curved claws adapted for climbing trees, while Grizzly Bears have longer, straighter claws suited for digging and excavating dens. The ears of a Black Bear are also larger and more pointed in proportion to its head than the smaller, rounder ears of a Grizzly Bear.
Coexisting Safely with Black Bears
As the Black Bear’s range expands, residents must adopt practices that minimize human-bear conflicts. Bears approach human settlements primarily due to easily accessible food sources. Securing attractants is the most effective way to prevent a bear from becoming habituated to human areas.
This involves several steps to secure food sources:
- Storing garbage in secure, bear-resistant containers or keeping it inside until collection day.
- Removing bird feeders entirely from April through November, which is the bear’s active season.
- Cleaning outdoor grills thoroughly after each use.
- Storing pet food indoors.
If a bear is encountered, remain calm and make noise to announce your presence. Slowly back away without running, giving the bear a clear path to retreat.