Wheatgrass, the young grass of the common wheat plant, is a concentrated source of nutrients and a popular health supplement. This vibrant green food is often consumed as a fresh juice or a powdered extract. Among the many health claims attributed to wheatgrass is its potential to help regulate and reduce high blood pressure (hypertension). This claim stems from the plant’s rich biochemical profile, which contains compounds theorized to support healthy vascular function.
The Specific Components Influencing Vascular Health
The potential for wheatgrass to support healthy blood pressure begins with its dense mineral and phytochemical composition, which directly impacts vascular tone. Wheatgrass contains potassium and magnesium, two minerals recognized for their role in balancing cellular fluid and promoting vasodilation. Potassium helps counteract the effects of sodium, which can contribute to elevated blood pressure, while magnesium supports the relaxation of the smooth muscles in blood vessel walls.
Chlorophyll, the pigment that gives wheatgrass its deep green color, is theorized to play a role in improving blood chemistry and circulation. Proponents suggest that chlorophyll compounds may promote the production of nitric oxide, a molecule that signals blood vessels to relax and widen. This vasodilatory effect allows blood to flow more freely, reducing the force exerted against artery walls.
Wheatgrass also possesses a robust antioxidant profile, including high levels of vitamins C and E, and various flavonoids. These compounds combat oxidative stress, a major contributor to arterial stiffness and dysfunction. By neutralizing harmful free radicals, these antioxidants help maintain the elasticity and integrity of the vascular endothelium, the inner lining of the blood vessels. Plant sterols found in wheatgrass may also support vascular health by helping to manage cholesterol levels, another factor tied to the development of hypertension.
Clinical Evidence on Blood Pressure Regulation
While the theoretical mechanisms for blood pressure support are compelling, the body of direct, large-scale human clinical evidence remains limited. Much of the research showing a hypotensive effect has been conducted in laboratory settings or on animal models. Studies on animal subjects with high cholesterol have shown that wheatgrass supplementation can help reduce total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.
In some animal studies, the cholesterol-lowering effect of wheatgrass was comparable to that of certain prescription statin medications. Lowering cholesterol is an important factor in managing blood pressure, as plaque buildup can stiffen arteries and increase resistance to blood flow. Other preclinical studies have identified specific components in wheatgrass that may act as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, a common class of prescription blood pressure medication.
Despite these promising findings, there are currently few completed, controlled clinical trials on human subjects specifically assessing the effect of wheatgrass on hypertension. A definitive trial demonstrating that wheatgrass can reliably serve as a primary treatment for human hypertension is not yet available. The scientific consensus is that while the nutritional components suggest a benefit, the evidence is largely anecdotal or derived from preliminary, small-scale investigations.
Practical Consumption and Safety Considerations
Wheatgrass is most commonly consumed as a fresh, concentrated juice, often taken in a small “shot” of one to two ounces daily. It is also widely available in powdered form, which can be mixed into water or smoothies, and in capsules. Standard recommendations suggest starting with a small amount, such as one ounce of juice, to assess tolerance before gradually increasing the intake.
Wheatgrass is generally considered safe for most people when consumed in typical food or medicinal amounts. However, some individuals may experience mild side effects, including nausea, headache, or digestive discomfort, especially when first introducing it to their diet. These reactions are often attributed to the body adjusting to the highly concentrated nature of the supplement.
Individuals taking prescription medications for blood pressure or blood sugar should exercise caution and consult a healthcare provider before starting wheatgrass. Because of its potential to lower blood sugar, it could interact with diabetes medications, leading to hypoglycemia. While wheatgrass is gluten-free, cross-contamination is a possibility during processing, so those with celiac disease or severe wheat allergies should choose certified products or avoid it. Pregnant or breastfeeding women are also advised to speak with a physician due to the lack of sufficient safety data in these populations.