Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are common, small, and painful open sores that develop inside the mouth. They typically appear as white or yellowish lesions surrounded by a bright red border. These ulcers can form on the tongue, gums, inner cheeks, or lips, making eating, drinking, and talking uncomfortable. Unlike cold sores, canker sores are not contagious and are not caused by a virus.
Vinegar and Canker Sores
Vinegar, particularly apple cider vinegar, is sometimes considered a home remedy due to its antimicrobial properties. Its acetic acid content leads some to believe it could help with canker sores by reducing bacteria in the mouth. However, the use of vinegar for canker sores is generally not recommended.
Applying vinegar to an open, painful canker sore can cause significant irritation and worsen discomfort. Its acidic nature may delay the natural healing process or cause further damage to delicate oral tissues. There is no scientific evidence to support vinegar’s effectiveness in treating canker sores or speeding their healing.
Diluting apple cider vinegar with water and rinsing thoroughly afterward is suggested to minimize potential tooth enamel damage. Despite precautions, vinegar’s acidity remains a concern for an already irritated area. Therefore, less irritating and more effective treatments are advised.
Effective Canker Sore Treatments
Several effective and evidence-based treatments can help relieve pain and promote canker sore healing. Over-the-counter options include topical anesthetics like gels or creams containing benzocaine or lidocaine, which numb the affected area. Coating agents such as milk of magnesia can also be applied to form a protective layer over the sore, providing relief and preventing further irritation.
Oral rinses are frequently recommended. A simple saltwater rinse, made by dissolving a teaspoon of salt in warm water, can help cleanse the sore and reduce inflammation. Similarly, a baking soda rinse, prepared by mixing a teaspoon of baking soda in warm water, can help neutralize mouth acids and soothe the sore. Hydrogen peroxide, diluted with an equal part of water, acts as an antiseptic to clean the sore and reduce bacteria, aiding in healing.
For more severe or persistent canker sores, a healthcare provider might prescribe medicated mouth rinses containing corticosteroids like dexamethasone to reduce inflammation and pain, or viscous lidocaine for stronger numbing. Prescription pastes like amlexanox are also available. Beyond specific medications, avoiding irritating foods like spicy, acidic, or abrasive items can significantly reduce pain and support healing.
When to See a Doctor
Most canker sores heal on their own within one to two weeks. However, medical attention is advisable if a canker sore is unusually large or causes extreme pain that interferes with eating or drinking.
Seek medical advice if sores persist for longer than two to three weeks, or if new sores continue to appear before old ones have healed. Frequent recurrence, or if accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, difficulty swallowing, or unexplained fatigue, may indicate an underlying health condition that requires diagnosis and treatment.