Trazodone is a medication primarily prescribed for major depressive disorder. It is a serotonin receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI) that helps restore serotonin balance in the brain. Beyond depression, trazodone is also used off-label for anxiety, insomnia, and certain chronic pain.
Trazodone’s Impact on Appetite
Changes in appetite, including both increases and decreases, can occur with trazodone use, though these effects are less common compared to other side effects. A decrease in appetite can occur; clinical trials show approximately 6% of individuals experienced weight loss, while about 5% experienced weight gain.
The mechanisms behind these appetite changes are not fully understood but may involve the drug’s direct influence on serotonin pathways that regulate appetite. Some patients may also experience gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea), which can indirectly reduce the desire to eat. These gastrointestinal issues are temporary and resolve as the body adjusts to the medication.
Other Common Trazodone Side Effects
Beyond appetite changes, trazodone has other common side effects. Drowsiness is common, often leading to bedtime administration. Patients may also experience dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when changing positions rapidly (orthostatic hypotension).
Other common side effects include dry mouth (manageable with increased fluid intake or sugar-free gum) and blurred vision. Individuals may also report headaches, constipation, or nausea. These effects are mild and subside within a few days to weeks as the body adapts to the medication.
When Appetite Changes Are a Concern
While some appetite changes with trazodone may be minor, certain indicators warrant medical attention. Severe or persistent loss of appetite significantly impacting nutritional intake warrants consulting a healthcare provider. Rapid or substantial weight changes, whether loss or gain, also indicate a need for medical review.
Appetite disturbances that interfere with daily life or lead to other health problems should prompt a discussion with a doctor. It is important not to adjust dosage or discontinue trazodone without professional medical guidance. Healthcare providers can assess the situation, determine the cause, and recommend appropriate management strategies.
Appetite Changes and Underlying Health Factors
Appetite changes can arise from various factors beyond medication side effects. The underlying condition, such as major depressive disorder, can directly influence appetite and weight. Depression itself can cause a loss of appetite and subsequent weight loss in some individuals, while others may experience an increased appetite and weight gain.
This variability in appetite changes is a known characteristic of depression, with studies indicating that approximately 48% of depressed adults experience decreased appetite, while around 35% experience increased appetite. Other medical conditions, lifestyle factors, and hormonal changes can also influence appetite. A thorough medical assessment by a doctor is important to determine the cause of any appetite changes and ensure appropriate action.