Tranexamic acid (TA) is a medication frequently considered for individuals experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding. Many people wonder if it completely stops periods. While TA does not halt menstruation entirely, its primary role is to significantly reduce the amount of blood loss during a menstrual cycle. It offers a non-hormonal option for managing heavy periods, providing relief for those affected by excessive bleeding.
How Tranexamic Acid Works
Tranexamic acid functions as an antifibrinolytic agent, meaning it helps to stabilize blood clots in the body. Normally, the body forms blood clots using a protein called fibrin to stop bleeding. Over time, these clots are naturally broken down through a process called fibrinolysis. In cases of heavy menstrual bleeding, the body’s fibrinolytic activity in the uterus can be higher than usual, leading to faster breakdown of clots and increased blood loss.
Tranexamic acid works by reversibly blocking specific sites on plasminogen, a protein that converts into plasmin. Plasmin is responsible for breaking down fibrin clots. By inhibiting plasmin’s action, tranexamic acid helps to prevent the premature breakdown of blood clots, allowing them to remain stable and effectively reduce bleeding. This targeted action helps manage excessive menstrual flow without interfering with hormonal processes.
Does Tranexamic Acid Stop Your Period?
Tranexamic acid does not stop a menstrual period completely. Its primary purpose is to reduce the volume of menstrual blood loss in individuals experiencing heavy periods, a condition known as menorrhagia. Studies have shown that tranexamic acid can decrease menstrual blood loss by a significant margin, typically ranging from 26% to 60%. This reduction can substantially improve quality of life for those with heavy bleeding.
While it effectively lessens the flow, tranexamic acid usually does not shorten the duration of the menstrual period. It also does not prevent ovulation or affect the timing of the menstrual cycle. Individuals will continue to have their period, but with a considerably lighter flow, making it a treatment focused on symptom management rather than menstrual cessation.
Who Can Use Tranexamic Acid and How
Tranexamic acid is primarily prescribed for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia). It is considered a suitable option for many women, particularly those for whom hormonal treatments are not appropriate or desired. This medication is available only with a doctor’s prescription, emphasizing the need for medical supervision.
For oral administration, the typical dosage for heavy menstrual bleeding is 1,000 to 1,300 milligrams (mg) taken three times a day. Treatment usually begins when menstruation starts and continues for up to 3 to 5 days during each menstrual cycle, or until bleeding subsides. It is important to take the tablets as directed and not for more than five days in a menstrual cycle.
Potential Side Effects and Important Warnings
Like all medications, tranexamic acid can cause side effects, though they are generally mild. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, diarrhea, and stomach pain or discomfort. Headaches, muscle aches, and back pain have also been reported. These less severe effects often diminish as the body adjusts to the medication.
More serious, though rare, side effects can occur. These include changes in vision, which warrant immediate medical attention, and serious allergic reactions like anaphylaxis. A warning involves the risk of blood clots, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE).
Tranexamic acid is contraindicated in individuals with a history of blood clots, certain kidney problems, or active intravascular clotting. It is also important to note that tranexamic acid is not a contraceptive and does not prevent pregnancy. Using it concurrently with combination hormonal contraceptives may increase the risk of blood clots.