The morning-after pill is a form of emergency contraception to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure. It works primarily by delaying or preventing ovulation, the release of an egg from the ovary. This medication does not end an existing pregnancy. Like many medications, it can cause temporary side effects.
Cramps: A Common Experience
Abdominal pain and cramping are common after taking the morning-after pill. These cramps are usually mild to moderate, often feeling similar to menstrual cramps. The occurrence of cramps is linked to the hormonal changes induced by the pill.
Morning-after pills contain a higher dose of hormones, such as levonorgestrel or ulipristal acetate, which can influence the body’s natural hormonal balance. These hormonal shifts can affect the uterus, sometimes causing it to contract. For most, these cramps are short-lived, usually resolving within one to two days. Their presence is a normal bodily response to the medication’s effects.
Managing Discomfort and When to Seek Care
Several methods can help alleviate discomfort from cramps after taking the morning-after pill. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can be effective in managing mild to moderate pain. Applying a hot water bottle or heating pad to the abdominal area can also provide relief by relaxing the muscles. Rest may also be beneficial during this time.
It is important to recognize when medical attention is needed. You should contact a healthcare provider if you experience severe or worsening abdominal pain. Seek medical advice if the pain lasts longer than a few days or becomes unmanageable with over-the-counter medication. Severe abdominal pain, especially with heavy vaginal bleeding, could indicate a serious condition like an ectopic pregnancy, requiring immediate medical evaluation. Additionally, if your next period is more than a week late, taking a pregnancy test is recommended.
Other Expected Side Effects
Beyond cramps, the morning-after pill can cause other common side effects that are usually mild and temporary. Nausea is a frequently reported side effect, affecting about one in five individuals. If vomiting occurs within two to three hours of taking the pill, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional, as another dose might be necessary to ensure effectiveness.
Other common effects include fatigue, headache, and dizziness. Breast tenderness is also possible. Changes in menstrual bleeding patterns are typical, including spotting, or periods arriving earlier or later than expected, and sometimes being heavier or lighter than usual. These side effects are short-lived and resolve without further intervention.