The Mediterranean Sea, a popular destination for tourists, is often perceived as devoid of large marine predators, particularly sharks. This widespread misconception leads many to believe it is shark-free, fostering a sense of complete safety. However, sharks do inhabit these waters.
The Truth: Sharks Are Present
Around 47 different shark species inhabit the Mediterranean Sea. Sightings near popular tourist beaches are rare. Many shark species prefer deeper, colder waters where they hunt for fish, squid, and other marine animals, reducing their encounters with humans in coastal areas.
Historically, large predatory shark populations were more abundant. However, their numbers have declined significantly due to extensive fishing practices, including bycatch and targeted fishing. This reduction has made encounters even less frequent, reinforcing the public’s perception of a shark-free sea.
Diverse Shark Species of the Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea is home to a variety of shark species, ranging from smaller types to larger, more recognized predators. These include the blue shark, shortfin mako shark, various hammerhead species, and the rare great white shark.
Blue sharks, reaching about 10 feet, are commonly found but prefer cooler, deeper waters. They primarily feed on squid and fish, posing minimal threat to humans.
Shortfin mako sharks, known for their speed and agility, are also present. These pelagic sharks primarily prey on bony fish like tuna and mackerel, as well as cephalopods.
Three types of hammerhead sharks, including the large great hammerhead (up to 20 feet) and the more common scalloped hammerhead (up to 13 feet), reside in the Mediterranean. While considered aggressive, they typically prefer shallow waters with sandy or muddy banks, feeding on stingrays and other smaller prey.
Great white sharks, capable of reaching lengths over 20 feet and weighing thousands of pounds, are present, particularly in areas like the Strait of Sicily and the Adriatic Sea. However, their numbers are extremely low and they are classified as critically endangered, making sightings exceptionally infrequent.
Understanding Encounters and Reality
Encounters between humans and sharks in the Mediterranean Sea are exceedingly rare, particularly those resulting in bites. Despite millions of people swimming annually, only 36 shark attacks have been recorded over the past 150 years, with 18 fatalities. This low incidence rate is significantly lower than in other parts of the world with higher shark populations.
Several factors contribute to the scarcity of human-shark interactions. Many Mediterranean shark species are deep-water dwellers, making coastal contact unlikely. Sharks generally avoid humans, preferring marine animals as prey. When interactions occur, they are often a case of mistaken identity. The chances of an unprovoked shark bite are statistically very low, making it a relatively safe environment for recreational water activities.