While the flu is most recognized for symptoms like fever, body aches, and cough, it can indeed cause red eyes. This ocular symptom is often a result of the body’s generalized inflammatory response to the infection.
How the Flu Can Cause Red Eyes
The body’s immune response to the influenza virus can lead to widespread inflammation, affecting various systems, including the eyes. This systemic inflammation can cause blood vessels in the eyes to dilate, resulting in visible redness.
The flu can also contribute to conjunctivitis, an inflammation of the conjunctiva. Additionally, fever and dehydration, common during a flu infection, can reduce tear production, leading to dry, irritated eyes that appear red.
In some cases, severe coughing or sneezing can cause a temporary increase in blood pressure. This can lead to the rupture of tiny blood vessels on the eye’s surface, known as a subconjunctival hemorrhage. These appear as bright red spots on the white of the eye and are usually harmless.
Other Common Causes of Red Eyes
Red eyes can stem from various factors unrelated to the flu. The common cold, another viral respiratory infection, can also lead to red eyes, often due to viral conjunctivitis. Allergies to pollen, dust, or pet dander frequently cause itchy, watery, and red eyes.
Bacterial conjunctivitis, distinct from viral forms, can also cause red eyes, often accompanied by a thick, colored discharge. Environmental irritants like smoke, dust, or chemical fumes can irritate the eyes, resulting in redness.
Other non-infectious causes include dry eye syndrome and eye strain from prolonged screen time or poor lighting. Minor irritations, such as those from wearing contact lenses for too long or improper cleaning, can also lead to ocular redness.
When to See a Doctor
While red eyes can be a mild and temporary symptom, certain signs warrant professional medical attention. Seek immediate care if red eyes are accompanied by severe eye pain, sudden changes in vision such as blurriness or double vision, or extreme sensitivity to light.
Other concerning symptoms include thick or colored discharge from the eye, persistent redness that does not improve after a few days, or the sensation of a foreign object in the eye. If only one eye is red and you experience other severe symptoms like a bad headache, fever, or nausea, it is important to consult a healthcare provider. Self-diagnosis should not replace a medical evaluation, especially when these warning signs are present.
Home Care for Red Eyes
For mild cases of red eyes, several home care measures can provide comfort. Resting your eyes and ensuring adequate hydration can help alleviate discomfort. Applying a cool compress over closed eyes may soothe inflammation and reduce redness.
Over-the-counter artificial tears can lubricate the eyes, helping to wash away irritants and relieve dryness. It is advisable to avoid rubbing the eyes, as this can worsen irritation and potentially introduce infection. Steering clear of environmental irritants like smoke, dust, or excessive screen time can also aid in recovery. These measures are intended for comfort and symptom relief, not as a cure for infections, and should only be used after ruling out more serious issues.