A Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure, commonly known as LEEP, is a common medical procedure that treats abnormal cervical cells. These changes are often identified during routine Pap tests or colposcopies and can indicate precancerous conditions. The procedure aims to remove these abnormal cells, preventing cervical cancer. Understanding the body’s healing capabilities following a LEEP is a common concern, particularly regarding how the cervix recovers and whether new tissue forms.
Understanding LEEP
LEEP involves using a thin wire loop heated by an electrical current to precisely remove abnormal tissue from the surface of the cervix. This procedure is typically recommended when a Pap test or colposcopy reveals abnormal cell growths, often referred to as cervical dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).
The procedure is usually performed in an outpatient setting and takes about 10 to 20 minutes. A local anesthetic is used to numb the cervix, minimizing discomfort. After the abnormal tissue is excised, the area is often cauterized to prevent bleeding. The removed tissue is then sent to a laboratory for examination, which helps confirm the diagnosis and ensures all abnormal cells have been removed.
Cervical Regeneration After LEEP
The cervix has a notable capacity for healing and tissue regeneration following a LEEP procedure. New, healthy tissue begins to grow on the cervix to replace the removed tissue. This healing process typically takes about four to six weeks for initial recovery, with full recovery taking around six months.
While the cervix does “grow back” in a functional sense by forming new healthy tissue, it may not fully regenerate to its exact pre-procedure size or shape. Studies indicate cervical length regeneration after six months averages around 83.4%, and volume regeneration about 87.4%. The extent of regeneration can be influenced by the amount of tissue removed. This remodeling allows the cervix to regain its protective functions.
Monitoring and Follow-Up After LEEP
Following a LEEP procedure, regular medical follow-up is important to ensure complete healing and to monitor for any recurrence of abnormal cells. A typical follow-up schedule includes a physical exam every 3 to 6 months, along with Pap tests and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) tests every 6 to 12 months for the first two years. These tests are crucial because LEEP removes abnormal cells but does not eliminate the HPV infection itself, which causes most cervical cell changes.
If follow-up results remain normal, screening frequency may return to routine schedules, typically every 3 to 5 years. Individuals who have had high-grade dysplasia may require longer monitoring to detect any potential recurrence. Regular screenings help identify any new abnormal changes early, which is essential for ongoing cervical health management.
Considerations for Future Health
Undergoing a LEEP procedure generally does not impact a person’s ability to conceive. However, it can have some implications for future pregnancies, although most women have healthy pregnancies after the procedure. There is a slightly increased risk of complications such as preterm birth or cervical insufficiency, where the cervix shortens or weakens, potentially leading to early dilation. This risk is often related to the amount of cervical tissue removed.
For individuals planning future pregnancies, close communication with a healthcare provider is important. If cervical shortening is noted, a cervical cerclage, a procedure to stitch the cervix closed, might be considered to help maintain the pregnancy. Regular cervical cancer screenings should continue throughout life, as LEEP removes existing abnormal cells but does not eliminate the risk of new ones developing.