The cervix is a muscular, tunnel-like organ connecting the uterus to the vagina. It allows fluids, such as menstrual blood, to pass and serves as a gateway for sperm and for a baby during childbirth. The position, texture, and openness of the cervix are not static; they change in response to hormonal fluctuations.
Cervical Position Throughout the Menstrual Cycle
The cervix undergoes predictable transformations influenced by the fluctuating levels of reproductive hormones, specifically estrogen and progesterone, across the menstrual cycle. During menstruation, the cervix typically sits low in the vagina and feels firm, while its opening, known as the os, widens slightly to allow menstrual blood to flow out.
After menstruation, during the follicular phase, estrogen levels begin to rise, causing the cervix to gradually ascend and soften. As ovulation approaches, driven by increasing estrogen, the cervix becomes high, soft, and more open, often feeling similar to pursed lips. This change facilitates the passage of sperm into the uterus, increasing the chances of conception. Following ovulation, during the luteal phase, progesterone becomes the dominant hormone. This hormonal shift causes the cervix to begin its descent, becoming lower and firmer, and the os starts to close.
Cervical Changes Before a Period
In the days leading up to menstruation, the cervix typically moves to a lower position within the vaginal canal. This change, usually occurring two to three days before a period, results from the decline in progesterone levels if pregnancy has not occurred. The cervix also becomes firmer to the touch, often described as feeling like the tip of your nose.
The cervical os generally becomes closed or very slightly open. This allows for the shedding of the uterine lining. During menstruation, it will open just enough for blood to exit the uterus.
Checking Your Cervical Position
For those interested in understanding their body’s cyclical changes, self-checking cervical position can provide insights. It is important to wash hands thoroughly with mild soap and warm water before beginning to prevent infection. Finding a comfortable position, such as squatting, sitting on the toilet, or standing with one leg raised, is helpful for easy access.
Gently insert an index or middle finger into the vagina, aiming upwards and backwards until the cervix is located at the end of the vaginal canal. The cervix will feel firmer than the surrounding vaginal walls, which are soft and spongy.
When checking, note the height (how far the finger can reach), the texture (soft or firm), and the openness of the os (closed or slightly open). Consistency in checking at the same time and in the same position daily over several cycles can help identify individual patterns.
When Cervical Position May Vary
While the cervix follows a typical pattern throughout the menstrual cycle, its position can vary due to several factors. In early pregnancy, the cervix usually remains high in the vagina and softens, similar to its ovulatory position, but its opening stays tightly closed to protect the developing fetus. This differs from the pre-period state where the cervix lowers.
Hormonal imbalances or certain medical conditions can also influence cervical position and texture. Age can also play a role, as the cervix may sit lower with weakened pelvic muscles or in menopause due to decreased estrogen levels. If unusual or persistent changes in cervical position are noted, especially when accompanied by other concerning symptoms, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable for proper evaluation.