Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive method of pain relief that involves sending small electrical currents through the skin. A TENS unit is a compact, often battery-powered device, with electrodes applied to the skin. Tendonitis is a common condition characterized by the inflammation or irritation of a tendon, the tough cord of tissue connecting muscles to bones.
Understanding Tendonitis
Tendonitis occurs when a tendon becomes inflamed, leading to swelling, pain, and discomfort. The pain is often described as a dull ache and typically worsens with movement of the affected limb or joint. Common causes include repetitive strain, overuse, and sudden injuries, often from activities involving repeated motions. Tendonitis can affect various parts of the body, with common sites being the shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee, and Achilles tendon.
How TENS Modulates Pain
TENS alleviates pain by delivering electrical pulses through the skin to stimulate nerves. One mechanism is the “Gate Control Theory,” where non-painful electrical signals from the TENS unit “close” the pain gate in the spinal cord. This prevents pain signals from reaching the brain, reducing pain perception.
TENS also promotes the body’s natural pain-fighting mechanisms by triggering endorphin release. Endorphins are natural opioid-like chemicals that act as analgesics, reducing pain and creating a sense of well-being. This dual action of modulating nerve signals and stimulating endorphin release contributes to TENS’s pain-relieving effects.
Applying TENS for Tendonitis
Proper application of TENS for tendonitis is important. Electrodes are typically placed on the skin around the painful area, avoiding direct placement over joints or open wounds. For effective nerve stimulation, electrodes can be placed along the affected nerve pathway or directly on the muscle belly.
TENS unit settings vary, but generally involve adjusting frequency, pulse width, and intensity. For acute pain, higher frequencies (e.g., 90-130 Hz) with low intensity are often used, aiming for a strong but comfortable sensation without muscle contraction. For chronic pain, lower frequencies (e.g., 1-5 Hz) with higher intensity, which may induce muscle contraction, are sometimes employed. Session duration often ranges from 15 minutes to an hour, and can be administered as needed, following professional guidance and manufacturer instructions.
Integrating TENS into Tendonitis Recovery
TENS can help manage tendonitis pain, but its role is within a comprehensive recovery plan. It functions as a pain management modality, offering temporary relief from discomfort. TENS does not directly heal the underlying tendon issue or address the root cause of inflammation.
Effective tendonitis recovery involves a multifaceted approach. Rest is often advised to prevent further irritation, alongside applying ice to reduce inflammation and swelling. Physical therapy, including targeted stretching and strengthening exercises, is also a common component to restore function and prevent recurrence. Consulting a healthcare professional is important for an accurate diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan. Safety considerations for TENS use include avoiding application over pacemakers, during pregnancy, or on areas with certain skin conditions.