Tennessee is home to tarantulas, though sightings are rare. These native arachnids are generally harmless to humans and contribute to the state’s diverse ecosystem. This article provides insights into Tennessee’s native tarantula species and how to react if an encounter occurs.
Tennessee’s Native Tarantula
The Eastern tarantula (Aphonopelma hentzi) is the species found in Tennessee. This arachnid is one of the most widespread tarantula species in the United States. It has a robust body covered in dense, dark hairs, often appearing black or dark brown. Adult females can have a leg span of up to five inches, while males are generally smaller.
These tarantulas prefer dry, open habitats, such as grasslands, prairies, and open woodlands, often found in the western and central parts of Tennessee. They are fossorial, spending most of their lives in burrows. These burrows provide shelter from predators and the elements, maintaining a stable temperature and humidity. They are primarily nocturnal, emerging at night to hunt insects and other small invertebrates.
Aphonopelma hentzi is a docile species, relying on camouflage and retreat rather than aggression when threatened. They typically only bite if directly endangered or handled roughly. Their primary defense mechanism involves flicking urticating hairs from their abdomen, which can cause irritation to skin and mucous membranes.
Encountering Tarantulas
Encountering a tarantula in Tennessee is uncommon, largely due to their reclusive, nocturnal habits and preference for undisturbed habitats. Sightings are most likely to occur in late summer and early fall, particularly in September and October. During this period, mature male tarantulas leave their burrows in search of mates, increasing their visibility as they wander across open ground, sometimes even crossing roads.
If a tarantula is encountered, observe it from a distance and avoid direct contact. Their bite is not dangerous to humans, typically compared to a bee sting, causing only localized pain, redness, or swelling. While the venom is mild and not medically significant for humans, some individuals might experience a minor allergic reaction.
These arachnids play a beneficial role in the ecosystem by preying on various insects, helping to control pest populations. If a tarantula is found in an undesirable location, such as inside a home, it can be gently guided into a container and released outdoors in a nearby natural area. Handling them should be avoided to prevent accidental bites or the release of urticating hairs, which can cause discomfort.