Many residents and visitors often wonder about the presence of mountain lions in Tennessee. This curiosity stems from occasional reports and local anecdotes. Understanding the official stance and the factors contributing to these discussions can help clarify the true situation of mountain lions within the state. This article delves into the scientific data and governmental perspectives to provide a clear picture of their status.
Current Status in Tennessee
The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) maintains a clear official position regarding mountain lions, also known as cougars or pumas, in the state. Currently, there is no established, breeding population of mountain lions recognized by the agency. While the Eastern Cougar, a subspecies once native to the region, was declared extinct by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, this does not mean the state is entirely devoid of these animals.
Since September 2015, a limited number of confirmed cougar sightings have occurred in Tennessee. These instances typically involve transient individuals, most often young males, dispersing from established populations in Western states. Such animals can travel hundreds of miles in search of new territory, explaining their rare appearance.
Evidence for these confirmed sightings includes trail camera footage and, in some cases, DNA analysis from hair samples. For example, a confirmed sighting in Obion County in October 2015 was the first in over a century, followed by others in Carroll and Humphreys counties. Despite these documented occurrences, these solitary wanderers do not indicate a resident population, as there is no evidence of reproducing females within the state. The TWRA monitors these natural expansions but does not plan to actively encourage a cougar population in Tennessee.
Understanding Reported Sightings
Despite the official position, reports of mountain lion sightings in Tennessee persist, largely due to common misidentifications. Many animals are frequently mistaken for mountain lions, contributing to the public’s continued belief in their widespread presence. Bobcats, native to Tennessee, are often confused with mountain lions due to their feline appearance. However, bobcats are significantly smaller, typically weighing 15 to 35 pounds compared to a mountain lion’s 90 to 160 pounds. Bobcats also have a spotted coat and a short, bobbed tail, distinct from a mountain lion’s uniform tan coat and long, thick tail.
Large domestic cats, coyotes, and even certain dog breeds can also be misidentified, especially when seen from a distance or in poor lighting. A widespread misconception involves the “black panther,” a term often used to describe a black-colored large cat. However, there has never been a scientifically documented case of a melanistic (black) mountain lion in North America. The term “black panther” typically refers to melanistic leopards or jaguars, species not native to Tennessee.
Historically, mountain lions were present in Tennessee but were extirpated from the state by the early 1900s. This disappearance was primarily due to overhunting and habitat loss, similar to the fate of wild elk and buffalo in the region. The memory of their historical presence, combined with occasional transient individuals and frequent misidentifications, contributes to the ongoing discussion and public fascination with mountain lions in Tennessee.
Reporting Wildlife Encounters
When encountering any large, unidentified wild animal, including those that might resemble a mountain lion, observing from a safe distance is recommended. Avoid approaching, feeding, or interacting with wild animals, as this can alter their natural behaviors and potentially lead to unsafe situations for both humans and wildlife.
If you believe you have observed a significant or unusual wildlife sighting, such as a large cat, contacting the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) is the appropriate course of action. The TWRA investigates such reports to gather data and monitor wildlife populations. When reporting, provide as many details as possible, including the exact location, time, date, and a description of the animal.
Providing photographic or video evidence, if safely obtained without disturbing the animal or risking personal safety, is highly beneficial for verification. This documentation helps wildlife officials accurately identify the species and assess the situation. The TWRA has regional offices that can be contacted for reporting wildlife encounters, and their staff or wildlife officers are available to address concerns and provide guidance on responsible wildlife interactions.