Otitis externa, commonly known as Swimmer’s Ear, is an infection affecting the outer ear canal, often triggered by prolonged moisture exposure. This condition causes discomfort and a feeling of fullness in the ear. Many people experiencing this infection also report tinnitus—a ringing, buzzing, or humming sound. This article explores the relationship between Swimmer’s Ear and tinnitus, discussing how the infection leads to this symptom and outlining treatment and prevention steps.
Defining Swimmer’s Ear and Common Symptoms
Swimmer’s Ear (acute otitis externa) is an inflammatory condition of the external auditory canal, the tube running from the outside of the ear to the eardrum. It is a bacterial infection that develops when water becomes trapped, creating a moist environment conducive to pathogen growth. Excess moisture compromises the protective layer of earwax and the natural skin barrier, allowing bacteria to multiply rapidly.
The most common symptoms include intense pain, which worsens when the outer ear is tugged or when pressure is applied to the small bump in front of the ear canal. Patients frequently experience itching, redness, and swelling. As the condition progresses, discharge may leak from the ear, often leading to a sensation of the ear being clogged or “full.”
The Connection Between Ear Infections and Tinnitus
Swimmer’s Ear can cause tinnitus, though it is a less common symptom than pain or itching. Tinnitus is not a direct result of the infection itself but a secondary effect of physical changes in the ear canal. The inflammation and swelling characteristic of otitis externa cause the ear canal to narrow significantly, trapping fluid and debris.
This blockage and swelling create pressure on the eardrum, which is essential for transmitting sound waves. The dampened sound transmission and pressure changes lead to a perceived ringing, buzzing, or hissing sound. The physical obstruction temporarily alters how the brain processes sounds, manifesting as tinnitus.
Tinnitus associated with Swimmer’s Ear is usually temporary and classified as conductive hearing loss. Once the infection is treated, and the swelling subsides, the pressure on the eardrum is relieved, and the tinnitus typically resolves completely.
Treatment and When to Seek Medical Help
Treatment for acute otitis externa focuses on clearing the infection and reducing inflammation. A healthcare provider will prescribe medicated ear drops containing an antibiotic to kill bacteria and a steroid to decrease swelling and pain.
For severe swelling, an ear wick may be inserted to ensure the topical medication reaches the infected area. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, are recommended to manage discomfort.
During recovery, keep the infected ear completely dry by avoiding swimming and using a shower cap while bathing. Symptoms generally begin to improve within 48 to 72 hours of starting treatment.
When to Seek Medical Help
Seek immediate medical help if you experience severe pain that does not respond to medication, or if you develop a fever. Consultation is necessary if symptoms, including ringing in the ear, do not improve within two to three days of starting the prescribed drops. Never insert objects into the ear canal, as this can worsen the inflammation.
Prevention Strategies
Preventing Swimmer’s Ear involves keeping the ear canal dry and intact. After swimming or showering, thoroughly dry the external ear by gently wiping it with a soft towel and tilting the head to encourage water drainage.
You can further dry the ear canal by using a hairdryer set to the lowest, coolest setting, held at least 12 inches away. Using earplugs or a swim cap while swimming minimizes water entry.
For those prone to repeat infections, an over-the-counter ear-drying solution can be used after water exposure. A simple home remedy of mixing equal parts white vinegar and rubbing alcohol can also inhibit bacterial growth, provided the eardrum is intact.