The scalp is just as susceptible to damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation as any other part of the body, though it is often overlooked during sun protection. When exposed to the sun for too long without a physical or chemical barrier, the delicate skin can suffer a painful burn. A scalp sunburn results in inflammation, redness, and tenderness, sometimes leading to blistering in more severe cases. This acute trauma causes uncomfortable symptoms that are worsened by the hair covering the area.
How Scalp Sunburn Affects Hair Growth
The direct answer to whether a sunburned scalp can cause hair loss is yes, but the effects are generally temporary. The intense inflammation and trauma from a severe sunburn can shock the hair follicles, pushing them prematurely from the active growth phase into the resting phase, a condition known as telogen effluvium. This is a stress-induced reaction that typically results in noticeable hair shedding several weeks to a few months after the initial burn event.
The hair fall is usually diffuse, meaning it is spread across the affected area. Since the hair follicle is not permanently destroyed, the hair loss is fully reversible, and normal growth patterns resume once the scalp has recovered. However, the temporary thinning can be emotionally distressing until the shedding stops and new growth begins.
In rare instances, a very deep burn that causes significant tissue destruction can lead to irreversible hair loss. This occurs if the burn is severe enough to destroy the hair follicle stem cells and replace the normal skin structure with scar tissue, a condition called scarring alopecia. Scarring alopecia results in permanent bald patches only in the areas where the deepest damage occurred.
Immediate Care for a Sunburned Scalp
Treating a mild to moderate scalp sunburn begins with immediately reducing heat and inflammation. Applying a cool compress, such as a cloth soaked in cool water, provides immediate relief. Taking a cool shower is also helpful, ensuring the water temperature is not too cold, which could further irritate the sensitive skin.
Once the scalp is cool, apply a lightweight, soothing topical treatment like 100% pure aloe vera gel to hydrate the damaged skin. Over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream (0.5% or 1%) can also be gently applied to reduce redness and swelling for up to a week. To address pain and inflammation internally, taking a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) like ibuprofen is beneficial.
It is important to be gentle with the burned area, avoiding the urge to scratch or peel any flaking skin. Peeling the skin can increase the risk of infection and slow the healing process. While the scalp is recovering, avoid using hair products that contain sulfates, alcohol, or heavy fragrances, as these can further irritate the compromised skin barrier.
Protecting Your Scalp from Sun Damage
Preventing a scalp sunburn requires consistent use of both physical and chemical barriers. The most effective physical barrier is a wide-brimmed hat, which offers shade and protection to the entire scalp, face, and neck. When selecting headwear, look for fabrics with a high Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) rating, such as UPF 50+, for the best defense against UV rays.
For chemical protection, a specialized scalp sunscreen spray or mist allows for easy, non-greasy application that is less likely to weigh down hair. Focus the application along the part line and the hairline, where the scalp is most directly exposed. Powder SPF products can also be effective for quick reapplication throughout the day, especially in the hair part. Broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher should be applied at least 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapplied every two hours, or immediately after swimming or sweating.