A stye is a common and often uncomfortable eyelid condition that many individuals experience. It typically presents as a small, tender bump on the eyelid, resembling a pimple. While usually not a serious health concern, styes can cause discomfort and irritation. This article explores how stye ointments offer relief and how to use them effectively.
Understanding a Stye
A stye, medically known as a hordeolum, is a red, painful bump that forms on the edge of the eyelid. It develops when a tiny oil-producing gland in an eyelash follicle or within the eyelid itself becomes blocked and subsequently infected by bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus. There are two main types: an external stye, which appears along the eyelash line due to an infected eyelash follicle, and a less common internal stye, which forms inside the eyelid from an infection of a meibomian gland. Symptoms often include localized swelling, redness, and tenderness, sometimes accompanied by a feeling that something is in the eye, light sensitivity, or tearing.
How Stye Ointments Help
Stye ointments address the underlying bacterial infection and alleviate symptoms. Many stye ointments contain antibiotics, such as erythromycin or bacitracin, which target the bacteria responsible for the infection. Erythromycin works by preventing bacterial growth, while bacitracin actively kills bacteria. These antibiotic properties reduce bacterial load, decreasing inflammation and promoting healing. Beyond antibiotics, some stye ointments incorporate emollients. These substances help to soothe and lubricate the affected area, reducing friction and discomfort on the eyelid. While topical antibiotics primarily combat the infection, emollients contribute to symptomatic relief, making the healing period more tolerable. It is important to note that over-the-counter stye products without antibiotics primarily offer symptomatic relief and lubrication, rather than treating the infection directly.
Using Stye Ointments Correctly
Proper application of stye ointment prevents further irritation or spread of bacteria. Begin by thoroughly washing your hands with soap and water before touching your eye area. To apply, gently pull down your lower eyelid to create a small pocket. Without letting the tip of the tube touch your eye or any other surface, squeeze a thin strip of ointment, about a quarter-inch long, into this pocket. After applying, release the eyelid and gently close your eye for one to two minutes, rolling your eye in different directions to help distribute the ointment across the affected area. Any excess ointment around the eye can be blotted away with a clean tissue. Apply one to three times a day, or as directed by a healthcare professional.
Maintain good hygiene throughout treatment; avoid sharing eye makeup or products, and refrain from wearing contact lenses until the stye has fully healed. Contact lenses can become contaminated, worsening the infection or leading to recurrence. Dispose of any lenses worn during the stye period and use a fresh pair once healed.
When to See a Doctor
While many styes resolve with home care, including warm compresses and hygiene, some signs indicate a need for medical attention. Consult a doctor if the stye does not improve within a few days of home treatment or if it appears to be worsening. Also seek medical attention if the stye becomes very painful, if swelling spreads to the entire eyelid or surrounding facial areas, or if there is pus or bleeding.
Blurred vision or any eyesight changes require immediate medical evaluation, as swelling can affect the cornea. Frequent stye recurrence suggests an underlying issue. A healthcare provider might prescribe stronger antibiotic eye drops or oral antibiotics, or perform a minor in-office procedure to drain the stye.