Saw palmetto is a popular herbal supplement derived from the berries of the Serenoa repens tree, native to the southeastern United States. The fruit has been historically used to produce medicinal extracts and supplements.
Understanding Saw Palmetto’s Common Uses
Individuals frequently use saw palmetto for prostate health, primarily to address symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common condition characterized by an enlarged prostate gland. These symptoms often include decreased urine flow, increased frequency of urination, and nighttime urination.
Saw palmetto is also explored for male-pattern baldness and certain sexual dysfunctions. Research suggests it may prevent testosterone from converting into dihydrotestosterone (DHT, a hormone linked to hair loss and prostate enlargement). While some studies indicate potential benefits for urinary tract function and prostate health, overall findings have been mixed, suggesting more research is needed.
Scientific Findings on Blood Pressure
Current scientific evidence generally indicates that saw palmetto does not significantly affect blood pressure for most individuals. Studies specifically investigating its impact have shown limited or no significant changes.
For example, a study involving healthy young men observed only minor reductions in blood pressure when lying down, with no impact on standing blood pressure or heart rate. The Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Urinary Symptoms (CAMUS) trial also found no statistically significant differences in vital signs, including blood pressure, between participants taking saw palmetto and those receiving a placebo.
Although isolated anecdotal reports suggest an increase in blood pressure in some individuals, these observations are not consistently supported by broader clinical studies. Some retail saw palmetto extracts might contain tyramine, which could interact with certain antidepressant medications (MAOIs) to cause a severe increase in blood pressure. However, this is a specific drug interaction rather than a general effect of saw palmetto itself.
Essential Safety Information
Saw palmetto is generally considered safe for consumption for periods up to three years. However, individuals may experience some mild side effects, which commonly include dizziness, headaches, nausea, diarrhea, or stomach discomfort.
Saw palmetto may influence blood clotting, potentially increasing the risk of bruising and bleeding. It can interact with medications that slow blood clotting, such as anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, heparin) and antiplatelet drugs (e.g., clopidogrel, aspirin). Individuals are advised to discontinue saw palmetto at least two weeks before any scheduled surgery to minimize bleeding risks.
Additionally, saw palmetto may decrease the effectiveness of estrogen-containing medications, including birth control pills or hormone therapies. Due to its potential hormone-like activity, it is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Rarely, serious side effects like liver damage or pancreatitis have been reported, though a direct causal link is not always established. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions, are taking other medications, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.