Identifying the source of unexpected droppings in a home is a common concern, particularly regarding rat infestations and the presence of a white tip. Understanding animal droppings’ characteristics is important for accurate identification.
What Rat Droppings Look Like
Rat droppings do not have a white tip. Instead, they are dark brown to black, appearing shiny when fresh and becoming dull or grayish as they age and dry out. Their texture is firm, though older droppings may crumble.
The size and shape of rat droppings vary depending on the species. Norway rat droppings are larger, measuring 13 to 19 millimeters (0.5 to 0.75 inches) long, with blunt ends. Roof rat droppings are smaller and more spindle-shaped, about 7 to 14 millimeters (0.25 to 0.5 inches) long, with tapered or pointed ends. These pellet-like droppings are found in clusters along pathways, near food sources, or in hidden areas like cupboards, attics, or basements.
Identifying Rat Droppings Versus Other Pests
Distinguishing rat droppings from other common household pests is possible by observing key features. Bird droppings, for instance, are different, appearing white or grayish with a more rounded shape due to uric acid. Lizard or gecko droppings feature a distinct white cap or tip.
Cockroach droppings are smaller than those of rats, resembling coffee grounds, black pepper, or small, cylindrical pellets with ridges. Bat guano, or bat droppings, may be confused with mouse droppings due to similar size, but bat droppings are crumbly and, when crushed, reveal shiny bits from insect exoskeletons. Unlike rat droppings, bat guano accumulates in piles beneath roosting areas.
Why Identifying Rat Droppings Is Important
Accurately identifying rat droppings is important for several reasons. Their presence indicates a rat infestation, which carries health risks. Rats can transmit diseases such as hantavirus, salmonellosis, and leptospirosis through their droppings, urine, and direct contact. Inhaling airborne particles from dried droppings can lead to severe illnesses like Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome.
Beyond health concerns, rat infestations can cause property damage. Rats gnaw on various materials, including electrical wires, wooden structures, and insulation, to keep their growing teeth trimmed. This gnawing can lead to structural weakening, exposed wiring posing a fire hazard, and compromised insulation, impacting energy efficiency and home integrity.
What to Do When You Find Rat Droppings
Upon discovering rat droppings, it is important to take immediate steps for cleanup and to address the infestation. Direct contact with droppings should be avoided. Wear protective gear, including rubber gloves and a dust mask, to minimize pathogen exposure.
Instead of sweeping or vacuuming dry droppings, which can release harmful particles into the air, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends spraying the droppings and surrounding areas with a disinfectant solution, such as bleach and water, and letting it soak for several minutes. After soaking, the droppings can be wiped up with paper towels and disposed of in sealed bags.
Following cleanup, inspect the area for other signs of rats, such as gnaw marks, tracks, or nests. Implementing measures like sealing entry points and setting traps helps manage the issue. Contacting a professional pest control service may be necessary for eradication.