Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures found throughout the body that play a significant role in the immune system. They act as filters, trapping harmful substances like bacteria, viruses, and abnormal cells. When these nodes swell, people often wonder if touching or poking them might worsen the condition. Understanding swollen lymph nodes can help address this common concern.
What Are Swollen Lymph Nodes?
Lymph nodes are components of the lymphatic system, a network of vessels and organs that helps maintain fluid balance and protect the body from illness. These nodes contain specialized immune cells, including lymphocytes, which are types of white blood cells that fight infection. As lymph fluid, containing waste products and foreign materials, travels through the lymphatic vessels, it passes through the lymph nodes where these immune cells filter out and destroy pathogens.
The most common reason for lymph nodes to swell is an infection or inflammation in the nearby area. When the body fights off invaders like bacteria or viruses, immune cells multiply and accumulate within the nodes, causing them to enlarge and often become tender. For example, a sore throat might lead to swollen lymph nodes in the neck, while an infection in the arm could cause swelling in the armpit.
Poking Swollen Lymph Nodes: What Happens and What to Do
While it is a common impulse, repeatedly poking or pressing on a swollen lymph node is generally not recommended. Doing so will not “spread” an infection or cause significant internal harm to the node itself. However, excessive manipulation can lead to localized irritation, increased pain, or further swelling due to inflammation of the surrounding tissue. This can make the node more uncomfortable and potentially prolong the tenderness.
If a swollen lymph node persists or exhibits concerning characteristics, seeking medical attention is advisable. You should consult a healthcare provider if a swollen lymph node has no clear reason, continues to get bigger, or remains swollen for more than two to four weeks.
Other signs that warrant a medical evaluation include nodes that feel hard or rubbery, do not move when pressed, or are accompanied by symptoms such as fever, unexplained weight loss, or night sweats. Redness or warmth over the node, or if it is draining pus, are also reasons to seek prompt medical advice. A doctor can accurately diagnose the cause of the swelling and recommend appropriate treatment, which may range from observation to medication or further investigation.