The practice of reaching for a peppermint candy when a cough begins is a widespread home remedy, often mirroring the flavor of commercial lozenges. While the candy itself is a simple confection, the inclusion of peppermint flavoring often contains a powerful, naturally occurring compound. Understanding the science behind this remedy helps clarify why this simple candy can offer temporary relief.
The Role of Menthol
The effectiveness of peppermint candy for a cough is due to the presence of menthol, not the sugar or the hard candy base. Menthol is a natural organic compound derived primarily from peppermint oil. This compound is responsible for the characteristic cooling and pungent sensation associated with mint. Menthol is the active ingredient in a wide array of over-the-counter cough suppressants and throat lozenges. It is classified as an antitussive, meaning it can temporarily relieve or prevent coughing by interacting with sensory receptors in the mouth and throat.
How Menthol Soothes a Cough
Menthol provides temporary relief through a dual mechanism involving sensory nerve interaction and physical soothing. The most direct effect is its interaction with the cold-sensing receptor known as TRPM8 in the throat and airways. When menthol binds to the TRPM8 receptor, it activates the nerve, creating a strong sensation of coolness that distracts from the throat’s irritation and pain. Menthol also acts as a mild local anesthetic, which means it can slightly numb the tissues it contacts. By reducing the sensitivity of the cough reflex receptors, menthol can temporarily suppress the urge to cough. This effect helps break the cycle of irritation that often triggers repeated coughing fits. Beyond the chemical action of menthol, the simple act of sucking on a hard candy provides a physical benefit. The continuous action stimulates saliva production, which then coats the irritated throat lining. This layer of moisture can soothe dryness and irritation, providing additional comfort.
When Candy Isn’t Enough
While a peppermint candy can offer a moment of comfort, it is not a cure and presents certain drawbacks. The relief provided by the menthol is temporary, and frequent use of sugary candies can be detrimental to dental health. The high sugar content is a consideration for anyone needing to use this remedy often. Hard candies, including peppermint varieties, pose a significant safety risk, especially for young children. They are a common choking hazard because of their size and rigid nature. Hard candy should be avoided for children under the age of four. If a cough persists for more than a week, is accompanied by a high fever, or includes symptoms like shortness of breath or the production of thick, colored mucus, professional medical attention should be sought. A cough can be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition that requires a diagnosis and treatment.