Paraffin, a substance commonly found in various household and industrial items, often prompts questions regarding its safety, particularly concerning a potential link to cancer. This concern arises due to its origin as a petroleum byproduct. Scientific evidence can directly address these inquiries.
Understanding Paraffin
Paraffin is a versatile material derived from petroleum through a refining process. It is composed of hydrocarbon molecules and exists in various forms, including solid wax and liquid oil.
Its broad range of applications spans across many industries. Paraffin wax is frequently used in candles, providing a clean and consistent burn. In the cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors, its forms like mineral oil and petroleum jelly are valued for their moisturizing and protective qualities in products such as lotions, lip balms, and ointments. The food industry also utilizes paraffin for coatings on fruits and vegetables, and as an ingredient in chewing gum.
Paraffin and Cancer: The Scientific Evidence
The scientific consensus on paraffin’s carcinogenicity depends on its level of refinement. Highly refined paraffin, often called cosmetic-grade or food-grade, is generally considered safe for its intended uses. This purification process removes impurities that could pose health risks.
Conversely, unrefined or poorly refined paraffin can contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are a class of organic compounds known to be carcinogens, naturally present in crude oil. The presence of these impurities in less refined paraffin is the basis for most safety concerns.
Studies indicate that well-made candles, regardless of their wax type (including fully refined paraffin), burn cleanly and do not pose discernible risks to human health. Concerns about emissions, such as soot, are typically related to improper wicking or burning conditions, which can occur with any type of candle wax. Reputable scientific bodies support the safety of highly purified paraffin, distinguishing it from its unrefined counterparts.
Paraffin in Products: Safety and Regulation
Paraffin is a common ingredient in many consumer products, its safety ensured through stringent regulatory standards. In cosmetics, paraffin is valued for its ability to create a protective barrier on the skin, aiding in moisture retention for products like moisturizers, lip balms, and hand creams. The European Union and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulate cosmetic paraffin, requiring high purity levels and the absence of harmful impurities. Specifically, the EU mandates that the full refining history of petrolatum be known to ensure it is non-carcinogenic.
In the food sector, food-grade paraffin wax is applied as a coating for various produce, cheeses, and candies to enhance appearance and extend shelf life. It is also found in chewing gum. The FDA has established specific requirements for paraffin wax used in food applications, ensuring its safety for consumption. These regulations confirm that paraffin in everyday products meets safety benchmarks.