Oil pulling, an ancient practice originating in Ayurvedic medicine, involves swishing edible oil in the mouth for an extended period. This technique is promoted as a holistic approach to oral hygiene, but many people are investigating its potential to alleviate tooth sensitivity. Tooth sensitivity, characterized by a short, sharp pain in response to certain triggers, affects a significant portion of the population. This article examines the scientific basis and existing evidence for using oil pulling specifically as a method to manage and reduce dentinal hypersensitivity.
The Root Cause of Tooth Sensitivity
Dentinal hypersensitivity causes sharp, sudden discomfort. The tooth is composed of an outer layer of enamel or cementum, which protects the underlying dentin. Dentin is a porous tissue containing millions of microscopic channels called dentinal tubules. These tubules extend toward the center of the tooth, where the nerve-containing pulp is located.
When the protective gum tissue recedes or the enamel wears away due to factors like acid erosion or vigorous brushing, these tubules become exposed. According to the hydrodynamic theory, external stimuli like cold air, hot liquids, or sweet foods cause rapid fluid movement inside these open tubules. This sudden fluid shift stimulates the nerves in the pulp, which the brain interprets as brief, intense pain.
The Proposed Mechanism of Action
Proponents suggest oil pulling may indirectly reduce sensitivity by addressing factors that keep dentinal tubules exposed and irritated. The primary action of oil pulling is its anti-microbial effect, which helps to reduce the overall burden of plaque and harmful bacteria in the mouth. By lowering the number of acid-producing bacteria, oil pulling may decrease the acid erosion that can contribute to the widening of dentinal tubules.
Swishing oil may also facilitate saponification, where the fat in the oil reacts with the alkali in saliva to create a soap-like substance. This substance, combined with the oil’s viscous nature, is hypothesized to help physically pull microorganisms and debris from the tooth surface. Reducing localized inflammation and removing bacteria near the gumline could encourage gum tissue health and reduce the recession that exposes the dentin.
Scientific Evidence Linking Oil Pulling and Sensitivity
Research into oil pulling’s direct effect on dentinal hypersensitivity is limited, but initial pilot studies offer some interesting data. A randomized controlled trial compared oil pulling using cold-pressed sunflower oil against a commercial desensitizing toothpaste over eight weeks. The study found that the oil pulling group experienced a statistically significant reduction in sensitivity scores compared to the desensitizing paste group by the end of the trial.
Another clinical study using sesame oil showed a comparable reduction in sensitivity against a standard desensitizing dentifrice. The sesame oil group experienced a 36.2% decrease in hypersensitivity, while the desensitizing toothpaste group saw a 30.5% decrease. These results suggest that oil pulling might offer a viable, cost-effective alternative for some individuals dealing with sensitivity.
While these small-scale studies demonstrate promising results, the scientific consensus is that a lack of large-scale, high-quality research prevents definitive conclusions. Many studies confirm oil pulling’s ability to reduce plaque and lower salivary bacterial counts, supporting its general oral hygiene benefits. However, the American Dental Association (ADA) does not recommend oil pulling as a replacement or primary treatment for sensitivity, stating that more robust evidence is necessary before endorsement.
Safe Implementation and Usage
The procedure involves swishing about one tablespoon of oil (coconut, sesame, or sunflower) in the mouth. This should be done on an empty stomach for 15 to 20 minutes. The oil should be forcefully moved around the entire mouth and pulled through the gaps between the teeth.
Spit the oil into a trash receptacle, not down the sink, as it can clog plumbing. The oil should never be swallowed because it contains bacteria and toxins removed from the mouth. A rare risk is lipoid pneumonia, which can occur if the oil is accidentally inhaled. If jaw strain or discomfort occurs, shorten the duration or use a smaller amount of oil. Oil pulling should only be used as a supplement and not as a substitute for regular brushing, flossing, and professional dental care.