Dry mouth, formally known as xerostomia, occurs when the salivary glands do not produce sufficient saliva to keep the mouth adequately moist. This discomfort has prompted many people to seek natural alternatives, leading to interest in traditional practices like oil pulling. This article investigates the scientific support for oil pulling as a remedy for dry mouth symptoms.
Understanding Dry Mouth
Xerostomia is a clinical condition resulting from reduced or absent salivary flow. The causes are varied, often stemming from common medications, including antidepressants, antihistamines, and decongestants. Systemic diseases, such as Sjögren’s syndrome, diabetes, and head and neck radiation therapy, can also severely impair salivary gland function.
Chronic dry mouth significantly affects oral health and quality of life because saliva is a natural cleanser, buffer, and lubricant. Without its protective effects, individuals face an increased risk of developing dental cavities and gum disease. Symptoms include a sticky, dry feeling, difficulty speaking or swallowing, and a dry, rough tongue.
What is Oil Pulling
Oil pulling is an ancient Ayurvedic practice traditionally used for general oral hygiene. The technique involves placing about one tablespoon of an edible oil, typically coconut, sesame, or sunflower oil, into the mouth. The oil is then gently swished, or “pulled,” through the teeth and oral cavity for 10 to 20 minutes before being spit out.
Proponents claim that swishing the oil draws out toxins and reduces harmful oral bacteria. The antimicrobial properties of certain oils, such as the lauric acid in coconut oil, are cited as the mechanism for positive effects on plaque and gum health. This action is thought to disrupt oral pathogens and reduce the microbial load.
The Scientific Verdict on Saliva Production
Despite anecdotal claims, there is a lack of high-quality, long-term clinical studies that specifically validate oil pulling as a treatment for chronic xerostomia. Major dental associations do not recommend the practice as a proven therapy due to limited and inconclusive scientific evidence.
While some small studies suggest oil pulling may induce higher saliva production compared to swishing with water, this effect is often linked to the mechanical action of swishing any substance. The primary proven benefit of oil pulling is its antimicrobial effect, which reduces plaque and gingivitis, improving general oral hygiene.
However, improving oral hygiene does not translate to an increase in the actual volume or flow rate of saliva, which is measured by sialometry. For systemic causes of dry mouth, such as medication side effects or autoimmune disorders, oil pulling does not address the underlying physiological dysfunction of the salivary glands.
Proven Strategies for Managing Dry Mouth
Since oil pulling is not a scientifically endorsed treatment for chronic dry mouth, management should focus on evidence-based strategies. A fundamental step is consistent hydration throughout the day by frequently sipping water or sugarless drinks. Avoiding substances that can worsen dehydration, such as caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco products, is also recommended.
Over-the-counter solutions offer immediate relief, including specialized saliva substitutes available as sprays, gels, or lozenges that help keep the mouth lubricated. Chewing sugar-free gum or sucking on sugarless candies can mechanically stimulate existing salivary flow. Products containing xylitol are preferred as they can further reduce the risk of dental decay.
For severe cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe saliva stimulants, known as cholinergic medications, to increase the body’s natural saliva production. Using a humidifier at night can also help by adding moisture to the ambient air, preventing the mouth and throat from drying out.