Oil pulling is an ancient Ayurvedic practice that has recently gained attention as a potential remedy for various oral health issues. This traditional method involves swishing edible oil in the mouth for an extended period. Given the painful and common nature of canker sores (aphthous ulcers), many people wonder if this simple, at-home technique can effectively treat or prevent these recurring mouth lesions. We examine the nature of canker sores and the proposed action of oil pulling to determine the current scientific consensus on its effectiveness.
Understanding the Nature of Canker Sores
A canker sore, known as an aphthous ulcer, is a small, non-contagious, shallow lesion that develops on the soft tissues inside the mouth, such as the inner cheeks, lips, tongue, or at the base of the gums. These lesions are distinct from cold sores, which are caused by the herpes simplex virus and typically appear on the outside of the lips. Canker sores usually present with a white or yellowish center surrounded by a red, inflamed border, making eating and speaking uncomfortable.
The exact cause of these ulcers is not fully understood, but their appearance is often linked to a combination of factors. Common triggers include minor injury to the mouth lining, such as aggressive brushing or accidental cheek biting, and heightened emotional or physical stress. Nutritional deficiencies, specifically a lack of vitamin B12, iron, zinc, or folate, are also associated with their onset.
Certain acidic or spicy foods can irritate the oral mucosa and precipitate a sore. Most minor canker sores heal naturally within seven to fourteen days without leaving a scar. Established medical treatments aim to reduce pain and inflammation, often involving topical corticosteroid gels or prescribed antimicrobial and pain-relieving mouth rinses.
The Mechanism of Oil Pulling
Oil pulling involves actively swishing a tablespoon of edible oil, most commonly coconut or sesame oil, around the oral cavity for up to twenty minutes. The practice is intended to be done first thing in the morning before brushing or eating. Proponents suggest that the mechanical action of swishing, combined with the oil’s chemical properties, helps draw out and sequester harmful bacteria and debris.
The proposed mechanisms center on mechanical cleansing and chemical interaction. The oil’s high viscosity allows it to mechanically capture microorganisms and particles as it is pulled between the teeth and gums. Chemically, the oil is thought to undergo saponification, a process where fats hydrolyze in the alkaline environment of the saliva to form a soap-like substance.
This saponification and emulsification process is theorized to enhance the oil’s cleansing ability, contributing to a reduction in the oral microbial load. Coconut oil, for example, contains lauric acid, a medium-chain fatty acid with known antimicrobial properties. Studies suggest that oil pulling can reduce the total count of bacterial colonies in the saliva, which is the basis for claims related to improving gingivitis and overall oral hygiene.
Scientific Consensus on Oil Pulling for Canker Sores
Despite the long history of oil pulling and its claims regarding oral hygiene, high-quality clinical trials specifically examining its effect on canker sores are scarce. The current professional consensus does not support oil pulling as a primary treatment for the prevention or healing of aphthous ulcers. The lack of rigorous, large-scale studies means that any perceived benefit is largely anecdotal rather than evidence-based.
The theoretical connection between oil pulling and canker sore relief is indirect. While the practice may reduce the bacterial population in the mouth, potentially lowering the chance of secondary infection, it does not address the underlying systemic causes of canker sores. These causes, such as stress, immune response issues, or vitamin deficiencies, are unaffected by the oil swishing process.
A potential benefit may come from the oil acting as a physical barrier. The thick, viscous consistency of the oil can coat the ulcer, offering a temporary protective layer against irritation from food, sharp teeth, or acidic beverages. This coating might provide mild pain relief, but it does not accelerate tissue healing.
For individuals experiencing persistent or severe canker sores, dental professionals advise relying on established treatments. These include prescription topical steroids, oral protectants, and mouth rinses designed to target inflammation and pain. Oil pulling is not a substitute for these standard treatments. Consult a healthcare provider if a sore is unusually painful or lasts longer than two weeks.