Scorpions are present in Ohio, though they are not widespread or common. Their presence is primarily attributed to a specific species adapted to cooler climates. While encounters are rare, understanding this species and its habits can alleviate concerns.
The Ohio Scorpion Species
The primary scorpion species found in Ohio is the Northern Scorpion, Paruroctonus boreus. This arachnid is notable for its broad distribution across North America, thriving even in colder temperatures where other scorpion species do not. While a historical record exists for the Southern Unstriped Scorpion, Vaejovis carolinianus, from a single specimen in Ross County, Paruroctonus boreus is the more relevant species for Ohio. The Northern Scorpion is often found in varied terrains, including lower elevations in northern regions.
Identifying Ohio Scorpions and Their Habitats
The Northern Scorpion (Paruroctonus boreus) measures 35 to 55 millimeters (1.4 to 2.2 inches) in length. Its coloration varies, often brown, black, yellow, or ivory, sometimes with dark stripes and yellowish legs, tail, and pincers. It possesses eight legs, prominent pincers for grasping prey, and a segmented tail tipped with a stinger. Northern Scorpions fluoresce greenish-blue under ultraviolet (UV) light at night, which aids in their detection.
These scorpions prefer natural habitats with open, arid, or semi-arid conditions, often found in rocky or sandy areas. During the day, they seek shelter under rocks, logs, or within shallow burrows to avoid heat and predators. Northern Scorpions are nocturnal and may occasionally wander into human structures, especially in search of food or moisture. They can enter homes through small cracks, gaps under doors, or unsealed windows.
Understanding Scorpion Stings in Ohio
A Northern Scorpion (Paruroctonus boreus) sting is mild and not life-threatening to humans. The venom contains neurotoxins that can cause localized pain, swelling, numbness, or a tingling sensation at the sting site. Discomfort is often compared to a bee or wasp sting, and symptoms typically resolve within 30 minutes to a few hours without lasting effects. Allergic reactions, while uncommon, are possible, similar to other insect stings.
If stung, basic first aid measures can help manage symptoms. Clean the sting area thoroughly with soap and water. Apply a cool compress or ice pack to the affected area to reduce pain and swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can alleviate discomfort. If symptoms worsen or signs of an allergic reaction appear, such as difficulty breathing or widespread swelling, seek immediate medical attention.
Encountering Scorpions: Prevention and What To Do
To minimize indoor scorpion encounters, implement several preventative measures around the home. Seal cracks and gaps in foundations, walls, and around windows and doors to prevent entry. Ensure screens on windows and doors are intact and door sweeps are installed to block access points. Reduce outdoor clutter, such as piles of wood, rocks, and debris, which eliminates potential hiding spots near the home.
Maintain a tidy yard by trimming vegetation and keeping grass short to deter scorpions. Address any moisture issues, like leaky pipes or standing water, to make the environment less appealing. If a scorpion is found indoors, safely remove it by placing a cup or jar over it and sliding a piece of paper or cardboard underneath to trap it. Release the scorpion outdoors, away from the home.