Choosing to not wear underwear, often termed “going commando,” is a topic centered on comfort, hygiene, and potential health outcomes. Whether this practice causes problems depends on individual anatomy, the type of outer clothing worn, and the activities performed. For some, eliminating an extra layer promotes airflow and reduces irritation. For others, the lack of a protective barrier can introduce new risks, requiring a nuanced understanding of the overall effect on personal health.
Specific Health Concerns for Women
For female anatomy, foregoing underwear can affect the delicate balance of the vaginal environment. Underwear typically acts as a moisture-wicking layer, absorbing natural discharge and perspiration to keep the vulvar area relatively dry. Without this layer, moisture accumulates, creating an ideal habitat for the overgrowth of microorganisms.
This moisture accumulation compromises the slightly acidic vaginal pH, which is naturally protective against pathogens. This disruption increases the susceptibility to infections such as vulvovaginitis (inflammation of the vulva and vagina), bacterial vaginosis (BV), and candidiasis (yeast infection).
Yeast thrives in warm, moist conditions, making direct contact with tight or synthetic outer fabrics problematic without the protective absorption of cotton underwear. Furthermore, the sensitive vulvar skin may be more prone to irritation and micro-abrasions from friction with the seams or rough material of pants.
Considerations for Male Anatomy
For men, the concerns when not wearing underwear relate to skin protection, friction, and thermal regulation. The lack of an underwear layer means the sensitive skin of the groin is in direct contact with the rougher textures and seams of outer garments, such as denim. This constant rubbing can lead to painful chafing, redness, and skin irritation, especially during extended movement.
Elevated heat and moisture also increase the likelihood of fungal infections. Jock itch (tinea cruris) thrives in the warm, humid conditions created when outer clothing traps sweat and restricts airflow. Underwear, particularly loose-fitting boxers or breathable fabrics, typically helps manage this moisture.
Consistent airflow is beneficial for maintaining optimal testicular temperature. Going without underwear can promote better ventilation and cooling compared to wearing tight, non-breathable briefs. However, if the outer garment is tight and heat-trapping, the benefits are negated, increasing the risk of moisture accumulation and subsequent skin issues.
The Role of Outer Garments and Activity
The decision to not wear underwear must be considered alongside the outer garment and the planned physical activity. High-impact activities, such as running or intense sports, dramatically increase sweat production and the potential for friction-related injury. The skin is exposed to maximum rubbing against the outer clothing, which can lead to severe chafing.
Many athletic shorts and leggings have built-in liners made of moisture-wicking fabric to manage sweat and reduce friction. If the outer garment lacks this feature, strenuous activity without a protective layer significantly increases the risk of skin breakdown and potential infection. Non-breathable synthetic materials like nylon or polyester trap heat and moisture directly against the skin.
Conversely, wearing loose-fitting outer garments, such as skirts or baggy shorts made of soft, natural fibers, presents a much lower risk profile. These choices allow for maximum ventilation and minimal direct contact with sensitive skin. The lowest-risk time to forego underwear is typically during sleep, which maximizes airflow and helps the skin recover.